Pomegranate (Punica granatum): a functional superfruit with therapeutic properties

Authors

  • Angie Nizama-Chapoñan Universidad Nacional del Santa, Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial y Agrónoma, Av. Universitaria s/n, Urb. Bellamar, Nuevo Chimbote, Ancash. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1061-974X
  • Osni Rodriguez-Liñan Universidad Nacional del Santa, Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial y Agrónoma, Av. Universitaria s/n, Urb. Bellamar, Nuevo Chimbote, Ancash. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0696-3233
  • Luz María Paucar-Menacho Universidad Nacional del Santa, Facultad de Ingeniería, Departamento de Ingeniería Agroindustrial y Agrónoma, Av. Universitaria s/n, Urb. Bellamar, Nuevo Chimbote, Ancash. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5349-6167

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2020.03.14

Abstract

The Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit that contains innumerable chemical compounds with a high biological value distributed in the bark, carpel membranes, juice (arils) and seeds. The Pomegranate known as a super fruit because of its proven antioxidant power and its health benefits that help slow down the aging process, maintain healthy skin, reduce blood pressure thus fighting heart disease, promote blood circulation, and prevents some types of cancer. The pomegranate has a high content of calcium, magnesium, potassium, and phosphorus (0.01%, 0.012%, 0.236%, and 0.036% respectively), which are part of various enzymes that help prevent alterations in the metabolism of fats and carbohydrates. The purpose of this work was to compile the various investigations on the therapeutic properties of the compounds of the pomegranate.

References

Abdolahi, N.; Soltani, A.; Mirzaali, A.; Soltani, S.; Balakheyli, H.; Aghaei, M. 2018. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities and phytochemical properties of Punica granatum flowers in Iran. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transaction A: Science 42(3): 1105-1110.

Alu’datt, M.H.; Rababah, T.; Alhamad, M.N.; Johargy, A.; Gammoh, S.; Ereifej, K.; Almajoul, A.; Al-Karaki, G.; Kubow, S.; Ghozlan, K.A. 2017. Phenolic contents, in vitro antioxidant activities and biological properties, and HPLC profiles of free and conjugated phenolics extracted from onion, pomegranate, grape, and apple. International Journal of Food Properties 20(2): 1823-1837.

Aviram, M.; Dornfeld, L.; Rosenblat, M.; Volkova, N.; Kaplan, M.; Coleman, R.; Hayek, T.; Presser, D.; Fuhrman, B. 2000. Pomegranate juice consumption reduces oxidative stress, atherogenic modifications to LDL, and platelet aggregation: studies in humans and in atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 71(5): 1062-1076.

Calín-Sánchez, Ángel.; Carbonell-Barrachina, Angel. 2012. La granada y sus productos derivados: Propiedades beneficiosas para la salud. Editorial Académica Española, Alemania. 66pp.

Chen, H.S.; Bai, M.H.; Zhang, T.; LI, G.D.; Liu, M. 2015. Ellagic acid induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway in human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. International Journal of Oncology 46(4): 1730-1738.

De Lama Valderrama, D.A.; Tezén Bacigalupo, P.A. 2017. Estudio de prefactibilidad de la implementación de una empresa procesadora de arilos de granada y jugo concentrado de maracuyá para su exportación al mercado europeo. Tesis para obtener el título de Ingeniero Industrial. Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima-Perú.

Fahmy, O.; Khairul-Asri, M.G.; Stenzl, A.; Gakis, G. 2016. The current status of checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic bladder cancer. Clinical & Experimental Metastasis 33(7): 629-635.

Fellah, B.; Bannour, M.; Rocchetti, G.; Lucini, L.; Ferchichi, A. 2018. Phenolic profiling and antioxidant capacity in flowers, leaves and peels of Tunisian cultivars of Punica granatum L. Journal of Food Science and Technology 55(9): 3606-3615.

Fructuoso, J.A.; Reyes, S.R.; Casanova, E.V.; Romero, D.R.; Burgos, K.C. 2014. Capacidad antioxidante del zumo y de los extractos hidroalcohólico y acuoso obtenidos de Punica granatum y su relación con el contenido de polifenoles. Pharmaciencia 2: 50-55.

Gasmi, J.; Sanderson, J.T. 2010. Growth inhibitory, antian-drogenic, and pro-apoptotic effects of punicic acid in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 58(23): 12149-12156.

Gharib, E.; Montasser Kouhsari, S. 2019. Study of the anti-diabetic activity of Punica granatum L. Fruits aqueous extract on the alloxan-diabetic wistar rats. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research: IJPR 18(1): 358-368.

Giacobini, E. 2004. Cholinesterase inhibitors: new roles and therapeutic alternatives. Pharmacological Research 50(4): 433-440.

Grossmann, M.E.; Mizuno, N.K.; Schuster, T.; Cleary, M.P. 2010. Punicic acid is an omega-5 fatty acid capable of inhibiting breast cancer proliferation. International Journal of Oncology 36(2): 421-426.

Haider, L.; Fischer, M.T.; Frischer, J.M.; Bauer, J.; Höftberger, R.; Botond, G.; Esterbauer, H.; Binder, C.J.; Witztum, J.L.; Lassmann, H. 2011. Oxidative damage in multiple sclerosis lesions. Brain: A Journal of Neurology 134(7): 1914-1924.

Iqbal, S.; Haleem, S.; Akhtar, M.; Zia-ul-Haq, M.; Akbar, J. 2008. Efficiency of pomegranate peel extracts in stabilization of sunflower oil under accelerated conditions. Food Research International 41(2): 194-200.

Jafri, M.A.; Aslam, M.; Javed, K.; Singh, S. 2000. Effect of Punica granatum Linn. (flowers) on blood glucose level in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 70(3): 309-314.

Khan, N.; Hadi, N.; Afaq, F.; Syed, D.N.; Kweon, M.-H.; Mukhtar, H. 2007. Pomegranate fruit extract inhibits prosurvival pathways in human A549 lung carcinoma cells and tumor growth in athymic nude mice. Carcinogenesis 28(1): 163-173.

Lansky, E.P.; Newman, R.A. 2007. Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 109(2): 177-206.

Lee, S.T.; Wu, Y.L.; Chien, L.H.; Chen, S.T.; Tzeng, Y.K.; Wu, T.F. 2012. Proteomic exploration of the impacts of pomegranate fruit juice on the global gene expression of prostate cancer cell. Proteomics 12(21): 3251-3262.

Lee, S.T.; Lu, M.H.; Chien, L.H.; Wu, T.F.; Huang, L.C.; Liao, G.I. 2013. Suppression of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma cell by the ethanol extract of pomegranate fruit through cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine 13(1): 364.

Liu, Y.&. 2018. Liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry for comprehensive phenolic characterization of pomegranate fruit and flower extracts used as ingredients in botanical dietary supplements. Journal of Separation Science 41(15): 3022-3033.

Lucci, P.; Pacetti, D.; Loizzo, M.R.; Frega, N.G. 2015. Punica granatum cv. Dente di Cavallo seed ethanolic extract: Antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Food Chemistry 167: 475-483.

Madrigal-Carballo, S.; Rodriguez, G.; Krueger, C.G.; Dreher, M.; Reed, J.D. 2009. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) supplements: Authenticity, antioxidant and polyphenol composition. Journal of Functional Foods 1(3): 324-329.

Malik, A.; Mukhtar, H. 2006. Prostate cancer prevention through pomegranate fruit. Cell cycle 5(4): 371-373.

Masci, A.; Coccia, A.; Lendaro, E.; Mosca, L.; Paolicelli, P.; Cesa, S. 2016. Evaluation of different extraction methods from pomegranate whole fruit or peels and the antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of the polyphenolic fraction. Food Chemistry 202: 59-69.

Mditshwa, A.; Fawole, O.A.; Al-Said, F.; Al-Yahyai, R.; Opara, U.L. 2013. Phytochemical content, antioxidant capacity and physicochemical properties of pomegranate grown in different microclimates in South Africa. South African Journal of Plant and Soil 30(2): 81-90.

Melgarejo, P.; Legua, P.; Pérez-Sarmiento, F.; Martínez-Font, R.; Martínez-Nicolás, J.J.; Giordani, E.; Tozzi, F.; Hernández, F. 2019. Effect of a new remediated substrate on bioactive compounds and antioxidant characteristics of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivar ‘Purple Queen’. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science 65(11): 1565-1574.

MINAGRI - Ministerio de la Agricultura. 2018. Agricultura peruana registra un crecimiento. Disponible en: http://www.minagri.gob.pe/portal/publicaciones-y-prensa/noticias-2018/21029-agricultura-peruana-registra-un-crecimiento-permanente-comparado-a-otros-paisesde-latinoamerica.

Mizrahi, M.; Friedman-Levi, Y.; Larush, L.; Frid, K.; Binyamin, O.; Dori, D.; Fainstein, N.; Ovadia, H.; Ben-Hur, T.; Magdassi, S.; Gabizon, R. 2014. Pomegranate seed oil nanoemulsions for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases: the case of genetic CJD. Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine 10(6): 1353-1363.

Modaeinama, S.; Abasi, M.; Abbasi, M.M.; Jahanban-Esfahlan, R. 2015. Anti-tumoral Properties of Punica granatum (Pomegranate) Peel Extract on Different Human Cancer Cells. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention: APJCP 16(14): 5697-5701.

Mohamed, T.; P.N. Rao, P. 2011. Alzheimer’s Disease: Emerging Trends in Small Molecule Therapies. Current Medicinal Chemistry 18(28): 4299-4320.

Murthy, S.N. 2017. Fermentative preparation of functional drink from Punica granatum using lactic acid bacteria and exploring its anti-tumor potential. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 263: 022045.

Nemazifard, M.; Kavoosi, G.; Marzban, Z.; Ezedi, N. 2016. Physical, mechanical, water binding, and antioxidant properties of cellulose dispersions and cellulose film incorporated with pomegranate seed extract. International Journal of Food Properties 20(2): 1501-1514.

Nuñez-Sánchez, M.A.; García-Villalba, R.; Monedero-Saiz, T.; García-Talavera, N.V.; Gómez-Sánchez, M.B.; Sánchez-Álvarez, C.; García-Albert, A.M.; Rodríguez-Gil, F.J.; Ruiz-Marín, M.; Pastor-Quirante, F.A.; Martínez-Díaz, F.; Yáñez-Gascón, M.J.; González-Sarrías, A.; Tomás-Barberán, F.A.; Espín, J.C. 2014. Targeted metabolic profiling of pomegranate polyphenols and urolithins in plasma, urine and colon tissues from colorectal cancer patients. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research 58(6): 1199-1211.

Ragab, Tamer.; Nada, Ahmed.; Abobakr, Eman.; Shalaby, Al Shimaa.; Soliman, Ahmed.; Emam, Mahmoud.; El-Raey, Mohamed. 2019. Soft hydrogel based on modified chitosan containing Punica granatum peel extract and its nano-forms: Multiparticulate study on chronic wounds treatment. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 135: 407-421.

Records, T.D. 2019. Top ten Largest pomegranate producing. Retrieved from http://www.thedailyrecords.com/2018-2019-2020-2021/world-famous-top-10-list/world/largest pomegranate-producingcountries-world-statistics/6874/

Rocha, A.; Wang, L.; Penichet, M.; Martins-Green, M. 2012. Pomegranate juice and specific components inhibit cell and molecular processes critical for metastasis of breast cancer. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 136(3): 647-658.

Šavikin, K.; Živković, J.; Alimpić, A.; Zdunić, G.; Janković, T.; Duletić-Laušević, S.; Menković, N. 2018. Activity guided fractionation of pomegranate extract and its antioxidant, antidiabetic and antineurodegenerative properties. Industrial Crops and Products 113: 142-149.

Setiadhi, R.; Sufiawati, I.; Hidayat, W. 2019. Identification of active component in red pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seeds ethanolic extract. Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 4(2): 83.

Singh, B.; Singh, J.P.; Kaur, A.; Singh, N. 2018. Phenolic compounds as beneficial phytochemicals in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) peel: A review. Food chemistry 261: 75-86.

Spilmont, M.; Léotoing, L.; Davicco, M.J.; Lebecque, P.; Mercier, S.; Miot-Noirault, E.; Pilet, P.; Rios, L.; Wittrant, Y.; Coxam, V. 2013. Pomegranate seed oil prevents bone loss in a mice model of osteoporosis, through osteoblastic stimulation, osteoclastic inhibition and decreased inflammatory status. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry 24(11): 1840-1848.

Stover, E.; Mercure, E.W. 2007. The Pomegranate: A new look at the fruit of paradise. HortScience 42(5): 1088-1092.

Thomas, R.; Williams, M.; Sharma, H.; Chaudry, A.; Bellamy, P. 2014. A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial evaluating the effect of a polyphenol-rich whole food supplement on PSA progression in men with prostate cancer--the U.K. NCRN Pomi-T study. Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases 17(2): 180-186.

USDA- United States Department of Agriculture. 2009. Nutrient data laboratory. Retrieved from:

http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search

Valdés-Sustaita, B.; López-Rubalcava, C.; González-Trujano, M.E.; García-Viguera, C.; Estrada-Camarena, E. 2017. Aqueous extract of pomegranate alone or in combination with citalopram produces antidepressant-like effects in an animal model of menopause: Participation of estrogen receptors. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18(12): 2643.

Wang, L.; Ho, J.; Glackin, C.; Martins-Green, M. 2012. Specific Pomegranate juice components as potential inhibitors of prostate cancer metastasis. Translational Oncology 5(5): 344-355.

Wu, T.F.; Hsu, L.T.; Tsang, B.X.; Huang, L.C.; Shih, W.Y.; Chen, L. Y. 2016. Clarification of the molecular pathway of Taiwan local pomegranate fruit juice underlying the inhibition of urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma cell by proteomics strategy. BMC complementary and alternative medicine 16: 96.

Wu, Y.; Zhu, C.P.; Zhang, Y.; Li, Y.; Sun, J.R. 2019. Immuno-modulatory and antioxidant effects of pomegranate peel polysaccharides on immunesuppressed mice. International journal of biological macromolecules 137: 504-511.

Xie, Z.L. 2019. Reactions of polyphenols in pomegranate peel with nitrite. Food Science and Nutrition 7(9): 3103-3109.

Yan, L.; Zhou, X.; Shi, L.; Shalimu, D.; Ma, C.; Liu, Y. 2017. Phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of six Chinese pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) cultivars. International Journal of Food Properties 20: S94-S107.

Yisimayili, Z.; Abdulla, R.; Tian, Q.; Wang, Y.; Chen, M.; Sun, Z.; Li, Z.; Liu, F.; Aisa, H.A.; Huang, C. 2019. A comprehensive study of pomegranate flowers polyphenols and metabolites in rat biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography A 1604: 460472.

Zhang, L.; Fu, Q.; Zhang, Y. 2011. Composition of anthocyanins in pomegranate flowers and their antioxidant activity. Food Chemistry 127(4): 1444-1449.

Published

2020-12-30

How to Cite

Nizama-Chapoñan, A., Rodriguez-Liñan, O., & Paucar-Menacho, L. M. (2020). Pomegranate (Punica granatum): a functional superfruit with therapeutic properties. Agroindustrial Science, 10(3), 311-318. https://doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2020.03.14

Issue

Section

Artículo de Revisión

Most read articles by the same author(s)