Nutrients and foods associated with people's emotional state: Scientific advances and future perspectives

Teófilo Espinoza-Tellez; Roberto Quevedo-León; Delia Izaguirre-Torres; Luz María Paucar-Menacho; Alberto Luis Huamani-Huamani

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2026.003

Autores/as

Teófilo Espinoza-Tellez Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Programa Fitogen, Universidad de Los Lagos, Región de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-1051
Roberto Quevedo-León Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Programa Fitogen, Universidad de Los Lagos, Región de los Lagos, Osorno, Chile. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-838X
Delia Izaguirre-Torres Escuela de Posgrado, Universidad Señor de Sipán, Chiclayo, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0175-9794
Luz María Paucar-Menacho Departamento Académico de Agroindustria y Agronomía, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional del Santa, Chimbote, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5349-6167
Alberto Luis Huamani-Huamani Escuela Profesional de Ingeniería en Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional de San Cristóbal de Huamanga, Ayacucho, Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7076-0265

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2026.003

Palabras clave:

foods, nutrients, neurotransmitters, depression, tryptophan

Resumen

This review is scientific research that seeks to explore the relationship between the consumption of certain foods and the emotional state, determining the effects that these foods produce when consumed by individuals. The intake of specific foods containing certain functional properties may help enhance our emotional health. There are particular nutrients present in certain foods that play an important role in overall health, especially in brain function. The objective of this review study was to highlight double-blind studies in humans that demonstrate the effectiveness of nutrients present in foods that interact with neurotransmitters (melatonin, endorphins, serotonin, dopamine, and oxytocin), which affect people's mood and well-being. For this study, specialized journals and scientific articles published in the last five years were selected. The results show that there is a wide variety of foods that contribute to people's well-being when consumed, and that this is not exclusive to a particular group of foods. Thus, meat products, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and seafood, among others, contain nutrients with functional properties associated with people's emotional state. Finally, future studies should incorporate other variables such as ethnic groups, race, age, and body type, which may affect the results obtained.

Citas

Al-Sayed, L., & Bieling, C. (2022). Understanding Food-Related Well-Being in a Diaspora Situation: The Psychological and Social Dimensions. Journal of Refugee Studies, 35(1), 551-575. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feab069

Alkhatatbeh, M. J., Khwaileh, H. N., & Abdul-Razzak, K. K. (2021). High prevalence of low dairy calcium intake and association with insomnia, anxiety, depression and musculoskeletal pain in university students from Jordan. Public Health Nutrition, 24(7), 1778-1786. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980020002888

Almohmadi, N. H. (2024). Brain-gut-brain axis, nutrition, and autism spectrum disorders: a review. Translational Pediatrics, 13(9), 1652-1670. https://doi.org/10.21037/tp-24-182

Andrani, M., Dall'Olio, E., De Rensis, F., Tummaruk, P., & Saleri, R. (2024). Bioactive Peptides in Dairy Milk: Highlighting the Role of Melatonin. Biomolecules, 14(8), Article 934. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom14080934

Ano, Y., Ayabe, T., Kutsukake, T., Ohya, R., Takaichi, Y., et al. (2018). Novel lactopeptides in fermented dairy products improve memory function and cognitive decline. Neurobiology of Aging, 72, 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.07.016

Ano, Y., Yoshino, Y., Kutsukake, T., Ohya, R., Fukuda, T., et al. (2019). Tryptophan-related dipeptides in fermented dairy products suppress microglial activation and prevent cognitive decline. Aging-Us, 11(10), 2949-2967. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.101909

Antony, A. C., Vora, R. M., & Karmarkar, S. J. (2022). The silent tragic reality of Hidden Hunger, anaemia, and neural-tube defects (NTDs) in India. Lancet regional health southeast asia, 6, Article 100071. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lansea.2022.100071

Anwar, R., Borbi, M., & Rakha, A. (2024). Significance and the Use of Legumes in Developing Weaning Foods With a Balanced Nutrition-A Review. Legume Science, 6(3), Article e249. https://doi.org/10.1002/leg3.249

Appleton, K. M., Peters, T. J., Hayward, R. C., Heatherley, S. V., McNaughton, S. A., et al. (2007). Depressed mood and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake from fish: non-linear or confounded association? Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 42(2), 100-104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-006-0142-3

Araki, R., Ishikawa, C., Kawasaki, T., Kobori, T., Shoji, T., & Takayama, Y. (2024). Effects of Chronic Barley Consumption on Upper Respiratory Tract Symptoms in Japanese Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Parallel-Group, Controlled Trial. Nutrients, 16(14), 2298. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16142298

Archambault, J. L., & Delaney, C. A. (2023). A Review of Serotonin in the Developing Lung and Neonatal Pulmonary Hypertension. Biomedicines, 11(11).

Archer, E., Pavela, G., McDonald, S., Lavie, C. J., & Hills, J. O. (2018). Cell-Specific "Competition for Calories" Drives Asymmetric Nutrient-Energy Partitioning, Obesity, and Metabolic Diseases in Human and Non-human Animals. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, Article 1053. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01053

Arena, R., Renda, G., Aalmo, G. O., Debeaufort, F., Messina, C. M., & Santulli, A. (2024). Valorization of the Invasive Blue Crabs (Callinectes sapidus) in the Mediterranean: Nutritional Value, Bioactive Compounds and Sustainable By-Products Utilization. Marine Drugs, 22(9), Article 430. https://doi.org/10.3390/md22090430

Asahina, S., Asano, K., Horikawa, H., Hisamitsu, T., & Sato, M. (2003). Enhancement of β-endorphin levels in rat hypothalamus by exercise. Japanese Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine, 52(2), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.7600/jspfsm1949.52.159

Azizi, S. A. (2022). Monoamines: Dopamine, Norepinephrine, and Serotonin, Beyond Modulation, "Switches" That Alter the State of Target Networks. Neuroscientist, 28(2), 121-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858420974336

Badawy, A. A.A. B. (2015). Tryptophan metabolism, disposition and utilization in pregnancy. Bioscience Reports, 35(5), e00261. https://doi.org/10.1042/BSR20150197

Baettig, L., Baeumelt, A., Ernst, J., Boeker, H., Grimm, S., & Richter, A. (2020). The awareness of the scared-context dependent influence of oxytocin on brain function. Brain Imaging and Behavior, 14(6), 2073-2083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11682-019-00143-2

Bafor, E. E., Kalu, C. H., Omoruyi, O., Elvis-Offiah, U. B., & Edrada-Ebel, R. (2021). Thyme (Thymus vulgaris Lamiaceae ) Leaves Inhibit Contraction of the Nonpregnant Mouse Uterus. Journal of Medicinal Food, 24(5), 541-550. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2020.0076

Bakian, A. V., Huber, R. S., Scholl, L., Renshaw, P. F., & Kondo, D. (2020). Dietary creatine intake and depression risk among U.S. adults. Transl Psychiatry, 10(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-020-0741-x

Barros, M. P., Poppe, S. C., & Bondan, E. F. (2014). Neuroprotective Properties of the Marine Carotenoid Astaxanthin and Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Perspectives for the Natural Combination of Both in Krill Oil. Nutrients, 6(3), 1293-1317. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6031293

Barroso-Hernández, A., Ramírez-Higuera, A., Peña-Montes, C., Cortés-Ramírez, S. A., Rodríguez-Dorantes, M., López-Franco, O., & Oliart-Ros, R. M. (2022). Beneficial effects of an algal oil rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on locomotor function and D2 dopamine receptor in haloperidol-induced parkinsonism. Nutritional Neuroscience, 25(3), 519-529. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415x.2020.1764293

Basselin, M., & Rapoport, S. I. (2008). The two mood stabilizers, valproic acid and carbamazepine block NMDA- and D2-like initiated brain signaling via arachidonic acid, respectively: Relevance to bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 63(7), 89S-89S.

Begdache, L., Chaar, M., Sabounchi, N., & Kianmehr, H. (2019). Assessment of dietary factors, dietary practices and exercise on mental distress in young adults versus matured adults: A cross-sectional study. Nutritional Neuroscience, 22(7), 488-498. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415x.2017.1411875

Beijers, R., van Iersel, L. E. J., Schuurman, L. T., Hageman, R. J. J., Simons, S. O., et al. (2022). Effect of targeted nutrient supplementation on physical activity and health-related quality of life in COPD: study protocol for the randomised controlled NUTRECOVER trial. BMJ OPEN, 12(3), Article e059252. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059252

Bell, V., Ferrao, J., Pimentel, L., Pintado, M., & Fernandes, T. (2018). One Health, Fermented Foods, and Gut Microbiota. Foods, 7(12), Article 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods7120195

Blusztajn, J. K. (1995). Choline - the essential nutrient for brain-development. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi-Journal of the Japan Society for Bioscience Biotechnology and Agrochemistry, 69(5), 578-582. https://doi.org/10.1271/nogeikagaku1924.69.578

Boff, J. M., Shrestha, A. P., Madireddy, S., Viswaprakash, N., Della Santina, L., & Vaithianathan, T. (2024). The Interplay between Neurotransmitters and Calcium Dynamics in Retinal Synapses during Development, Health, and Disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(4).

Bondarchuk, C. P., Lemon, T., Medina-Marino, A., Rousseau, E., Sindelo, S., et al. (2024). Food insecurity and unemployment as mediators of the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and psychological well-being in young South Africans with HIV. BMC Public Health, 24(1), Article 2622. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-19966-w

Bourre, J. M. (2006). Effects of nutrients (in food) on the structure and function of the nervous system: Update on dietary requirements for brain. Part 1: Micronutrients. Journal of Nutrition Health & Aging, 10(5), 377-385.

Boyle, N. B., Dye, L., Lawton, C. L., & Billington, J. (2022). A combination of green tea, rhodiola, magnesium, and B vitamins increases electroencephalogram theta activity during attentional task performance under conditions of induced social stress. Frontiers In Nutrition, 9, Article 935001. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.935001

Buey, B., Forcen, A., Grasa, L., Layunta, E., Mesonero, J. E., & Latorre, E. (2023). Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Novel Regulators of Intestinal Serotonin Transporter. Life-Basel, 13(5), 1085. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13051085

Cardoso, C., Afonso, C., & Bandarra, N. M. (2016). Dietary DHA and health: cognitive function ageing. Nutrition Research Reviews, 29(2), 281-294. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422416000184

Carrie, I., Van Kan, G. A., Rolland, Y., Gillette-Guyonnet, S., & Vellas, B. (2009). PUFA for Prevention and Treatment of Dementia? Current Pharmaceutical Design, 15(36), 4173-4185.

Ceccarelli, I., Lariviere, W. R., Fiorenzani, P., Sacerdote, P., & Aloisi, A. M. (2004). Effects of long-term exposure of lemon essential oil odor on behavioral, hormonal and neuronal parameters in male and female rats. Brain Research, 1001(1-2), 78-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2003.10.063

Chan, K. W., Hebert, J., Radford-Smith, D., Anthony, D. C., & Burnet, P. W. J. (2023). Live or heat-killed probiotic administration reduces anxiety and central cytokine expression in BALB/c mice, but differentially alters brain neurotransmitter gene expression. Neuropharmacology, 235, 109565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109565

Chan, L., Wang, H. M., Chen, K. Y., Lin, Y. C., Wu, P. J., et al. (2016). Effectiveness of Essence of Chicken in Improving Cognitive Function in Young People Under Work-Related Stress: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial. Medicine, 95(19), e3640. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000003640

Chauhan, B. S., Kumar, R., Kumar, P., Kumar, P., Sinha, S. T., et al. (2022). Neuroprotective potential of flavonoid rich Ascophyllum nodosum (FRAN) fraction from the brown seaweed on an Aβ sub 42 sub induced Alzheimer's model of Drosophila. Phytomedicine, 95, 153872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153872

Chen, D. F., Zhang, S. W., Wu, Q., & Ren, M. H. (2024). You see what you eat: effects of spicy food on emotion perception. Current Psychology, 43(4), 3275-3291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04585-2

Chen, P. C., Chen, K. H., Lin, C. Y., & Yeh, Y. C. (2021). Rapidly and simultaneously quantifying multiple biomarkers of L-tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency by using paper microfluidic devices and smartphone-based analysis system. Sensors And Actuators B-Chemical, 349, 130722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.130722

Chen, Q., & Liu, S. H. (2022). Influence of Network Multimedia Nutritional Supplements on Basketball Exercise Fatigue Based on Embedded Microprocessor. Wireless Communications & Mobile Computing, 7900467. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7900467

Choi, S. J., DiSilvio, B., Fernstrom, M. H., & Fernstrom, J. D. (2009). Meal ingestion, amino acids and brain neurotransmitters: Effects of dietary protein source on serotonin and catecholamine synthesis rates. Physiology & Behavior, 98(1-2), 156-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.05.004

Chojnacki, C., Walecka-Kapica, E., Romanowski, M., Chojnacki, J., & Klupinska, G. (2014). Protective Role of Melatonin in Liver Damage. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 20(30), 4828-4833.

Clark, D. O., Xu, H. P., Moser, L., Adeoye, P., Lin, A. W., et al. (2019). MIND food and speed of processing training in older adults with low education, the MIND Speed Alzheimer's disease prevention pilot trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 84, Article 105814. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2019.105814

Claro-Cala, C. M., Rivero-Pino, F., Torrecillas-Lopez, M., Jimenez-Gonzalez, V., & Montserrat-de la Paz, S. (2025). Immunonutrition: future perspective in neurodegenerative disorders. Nutritional Neuroscience, 28(7), 807-818. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415x.2024.2425565

Cocchi, M., & Traina, G. (2020). Tryptophan and Membrane Mobility as Conditioners and Brokers of Gut-Brain Axis in Depression. Applied Sciences-Basel, 10(14), Article 4933. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10144933

Collins, A. M., Erickson, K. I., Ambrosio, F., Levine, M. D., & Jakicic, J. M. (2022). Effects Of Obesity, Weight Loss, And Physical Activity On Brain Structure And Cognition. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 54(9), 58-58.

Conner, T. S., Fletcher, B. D., Haszard, J. J., Pullar, J. M., Spencer, E., Mainvil, L. A., & Vissers, M. C. M. (2020). KiwiC for Vitality: Results of a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial Testing the Effects of Kiwifruit or Vitamin C Tablets on Vitality in Adults with Low Vitamin C Levels. Nutrients, 12(9), Article 2898. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12092898

Conway, T., Seidler, K., & Barrow, M. (2024). Unlocking choline's potential in Alzheimer's disease: A narrative review exploring the neuroprotective and neurotrophic role of phosphatidyl-choline and assessing its impact on memory and learning. Clinical Nutrition Espen, 64, 177-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.09.024

Curtis, P. J., Velpen, V. V., Berends, L., Jennings, A., et al. (2024). Chronic and postprandial effect of blueberries on cognitive function, alertness, and mood in participants with metabolic syndrome - results from a six-month, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 119(3), 658-668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.006

Daly, R. M., Gianoudis, J., Prosser, M., Kidgell, D., Ellis, K. A., O'Connell, S., & Nowson, C. A. (2015). The effects of a protein enriched diet with lean red meat combined with a multi-modal exercise program on muscle and cognitive health and function in older adults: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 16, Article 339. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-015-0884-x

Damiot, A., Demangel, R., Noone, J., Chery, I., et al. (2019). A nutrient cocktail prevents lipid metabolism alterations induced by 20 days of daily steps reduction and fructose overfeeding: result from a randomized study. Journal of Applied Physiology, 126(1), 88-101. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00018.2018

Das, S., Santra, S., Rohman, M. A., Ray, M., Jana, M., & Roy, A. S. (2019). An insight into the binding of 6-hydroxyflavone with hen egg white lysozyme: a combined approach of multi-spectroscopic and computational studies. Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics, 37(15), 4019-4034. https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2018.1535451

Davis, S. E., Cirincione, A. B., Jimenez-Torres, A. C., & Zhu, J. (2023). The Impact of Neurotransmitters on the Neurobiology of Neurodegenerative Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(20), Article 15340. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242015340

Day, S. J., & Altman, D. G. (2000). Statistics Notes - Blinding in clinical trials and other studies. British Medical Journal, 321(7259), 504-504.

de Moraes, W., de Moura, F. C., Moraes, T. C. D., de Sousa, L. G. O., Rosa, T. D., et al. (2019). Oxidative stress, inflammation, psychological status, and severity of respiratory infections are negatively affected during the pre-contest period in amateur bodybuilders. Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism, 44(5), 468-476. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0430

de Oliveira, J. (2022). The body asks and the mind judges: the episode of food craving, its triggers and nutritional treatment. Einstein-Sao Paulo, 20, Article eMD6705. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2022MD6705

de Souza Bezerra, R., Abadie-Guedes, R., Melo, F. R. M., Paiva, A. M. d. A., Amâncio-dos-Santos, Â., & Guedes, R. C. A. (2005). Shrimp carotenoids protect the developing rat cerebral cortex against the effects of ethanol on cortical spreading depression. Neuroscience Letters, 391(1), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.08.040

Delam, H., Keshtkaran, Z., Shokrpour, N., Eidi, A., & Bazrafshan, M. R. (2023). The effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) herbal tea on happiness in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. Bmc Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 23(1), Article 176. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-023-04014-8

Di, L., & Yan, L. (2019). Associations of α-carotenoid and β-carotenoid with depressive symptoms in late midlife women. Journal of Affective Disorders, 256, 424-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.003

Dinu, A., & Apetrei, C. (2021). Development of Polypyrrole Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Based Sensors for Determination of L-Tyrosine in Pharmaceutical Products. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(14), Article 7528. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147528

Durakoglugil, S. M., Wasser, R. C., Wong, H. C., Pohlkamp, T., Xian, X. D., et al. (2021). Reelin Regulates Neuronal Excitability through Striatal-Enriched Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP61) and Calcium Permeable AMPARs in an NMDAR-Dependent Manner. Journal of Neuroscience, 41(35), 7340-7349. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0388-21.2021

Ebisch, I. M. W., Thomas, C. M. G., Peters, W. H. M., Braat, D. D. M., & Steegers-Theunissen, R. P. M. (2007). The importance of folate, zinc and antioxidants in the pathogenesis and prevention of subfertility. Human Reproduction Update, 13(2), 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dml054

Elafify, M., Sadoma, N. M., Aal, S., Bayoumi, M. A., & Ismail, T. A. (2022). Occurrence and D-tryptophan application for controlling the growth of multidrug-resistant Non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in dairy products. Animals, 12(7), 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12070922

Farland, G., Pope, L. G., Fu, E., Cohen, D., Gerstler, C., Rotter, M., & Compton, M. T. (2025). Acceptability of a Fresh Produce Intervention for Individuals With Serious Mental Illnesses. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 57(1), 47-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2024.10.001

Fekete, M., Lehoczki, A., Kryczyk-Poprawa, A., Zábó, V., Varga, J. T., et al. (2025). Functional Foods in Modern Nutrition Science: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Public Health Implications. Nutrients, 17(13), 2153. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17132153

Fernández-Guarino, M., & Bacci, S. (2025). Mast cells and wound healing: Still an open question. Histology and Histopathology, 40(1), 21-30. https://doi.org/10.14670/hh-18-757

Fiscella, A. J., & Andel, R. (2024). The Association Between Physical Activity, Obesity, and Cognition in Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 32(3), 397-407. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.2022-0243

Franco, T. M., Tavares, M. R., Novaes, L. S., Munhoz, C. D., Peixoto-Santos, J. E., et al. (2024). Effects of Bradykinin B2 Receptor Ablation from Tyrosine Hydroxylase Cells on Behavioral and Motor Aspects in Male and Female Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(3), Article 1490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25031490

Frank, A., & Menden, E. (1994). Study on the influence of tryptophan on food-intake in nonobese and obese humans. Zeitschrift Fur Ernahrungswissenschaft, 33(3), 167-184.

Fukuda, M. (2024). Effects of depressive mood and food cues on food cravings among Japanese: Experimental research. Learning and Motivation, 87, 102017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lmot.2024.102017

Gallant, F., Cooley, K., Grigoriadis, S., & Ebrahimi, N. (2024). Targeting maternal gut microbiome to improve mental health outcomes-a pilot feasibility trial. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 15, Article 1414291. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1414291

Gardiner, C. K., & Bryan, A. D. (2017). Positive mood is associated with daily fruit and vegetable consumption during an incentive intervention. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 51, S1807-S1808.

Ge, H. H., Yang, T. T., Sun, J., & Zhang, D. F. (2020). Associations between dietary carotenoid intakes and the risk of depressive symptoms. Food & Nutrition Research, 64, Article 3920. https://doi.org/10.29219/fnr.v64.3920

Gibson, E. L. (2006). Emotional influences on food choice: Sensory, physiological and psychological pathways. Physiology & Behavior, 89(1), 53-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.01.024

González-Fuentes, J., Selva, J., Moya, C., Castro-Vázquez, L., Lozano, M. V., et al. (2018). Neuroprotective Natural Molecules, From Food to Brain. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 12, Article 721. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2018.00721

Göthert, M. (2013). Serotonin discovery and stepwise disclosure of 5-HT receptor complexity over four decades. Part I. General background and discovery of serotonin as a basis for 5-HT receptor identification. Pharmacological Reports, 65(4), 771-786.

Grosso, G., Micek, A., Marventano, S., Castellano, S., Mistretta, A., Pajak, A., & Galvano, F. (2016). Dietary n-3 PUFA, fish consumption and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 205, 269-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.08.011

Guan, M., Dong, T. S., Subramanyam, V., Guo, Y. M., Bhatt, R. R., et al. (2023). Improved psychosocial measures associated with physical activity may be explained by alterations in brain-gut microbiome signatures. Scientific Reports, 13(1), Article 10332. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-37009-z

Hagihara, M., Miyamichi, K., & Inada, K. (2023). The importance of oxytocin neurons in the supraoptic nucleus for breastfeeding in mice. Plos One, 18(3), Article e0283152. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283152

Haskell-Ramsay, C. F., Jackson, P. A., Dodd, F. L., Forster, J. S., Bérubé, J., Levinton, C., & Kennedy, D. O. (2018). Acute Post-Prandial Cognitive Effects of Brown Seaweed Extract in Humans. Nutrients, 10(1), Article 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10010085

Hausenblas, H. A., Lynch, T. A., Befus, S. M., Braverman, T. L., & Hooper, S. L. (2024). Efficacy of Dichrostachys Glomerata Supplementation on Overweight and Mildly Obese Adult's Weight, Mood, and Health-Related Quality of Life: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Journal of Dietary Supplements, 21(6), 825-840. https://doi.org/10.1080/19390211.2024.2406449

Hawley, A. L., Liang, X. Y., Borsheim, E., Wolfe, R. R., Salisbury, L., et al. (2022). The potential role of beef and nutrients found in beef on outcomes of wellbeing in healthy adults 50 years of age and older: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Meat Science, 189, Article 108830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108830

Hegarty, B., & Parker, G. (2013). Fish oil as a management component for mood disorders - an evolving signal. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 26(1), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32835ab4a7

Hegarty, B. D., & Parker, G. B. (2011). Marine omega-3 fatty acids and mood disorders - linking the sea and the soul. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 124(1), 42-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01703.x

Heras-Sola, J., & Gallo-Vallejo, J. L. (2024). Importance of choline during pregnancy and lactation: A systematic review. Medicina De Familia-Semergen, 50(1), Article 102089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semerg.2023.102089

Herman, C. P., & Polivy, J. (1975). Anxiety, restraint, and eating behavior. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 84(6), 666-672.

Hettiarachchi, J., Feyesa, I., Daly, R. M., George, E. S., Georgousopoulou, E. N., et al. (2024). Effect of peanut butter supplementation on physical and cognitive functions in community-dwelling older adults: study protocol for a 6-month randomised controlled trial. BMJ OPEN, 14(9), Article e086232. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086232

Heylen, E., Panicker, S. T., Chandy, S., Steward, W. T., & Ekstrand, M. L. (2015). Food Insecurity and Its Relation to Psychological Well-Being Among South Indian People Living with HIV. Aids and Behavior, 19(8), 1548-1558. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0966-x

Hockey, M., Aslam, H., Berk, M., Pasco, J. A., Ruusunen, A., et al. (2021). The Moo'D Study: protocol for a randomised controlled trial of A2 beta-casein only versus conventional dairy products in women with low mood. Trials, 22(1), Article 899. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05812-6

Hogenelst, K., Krone, T., Maarse, B. E., Warnke, I., Snabel, J., et al. (2025). A prebiotic intervention improves mood in everyday life in healthy women but not in men: Exploratory results from a larger double-blind placebo controlled cross-over study. Brain Behavior & Immunity-Health, 43, Article 100918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbih.2024.100918

Hong, F., Li, G. W., Feng, X. Y., & Zhu, J. X. (2020). Pancreas-derived dopamine inhibits insulin secretion in somatostatin dependent and dopamine receptor 2 mediated manner. Gastroenterology, 158(6), S597-S597.

Huang, S. C., Wang, C. A., & Bian, W. (2024). A Hybrid Food Recommendation System Based on MOEA/D Focusing on the Problem of Food Nutritional Balance and Symmetry. Symmetry-Basel, 16(12), Article 1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16121698

Huynh, H. K., Willemsen, A. T. M., & Holstege, G. (2013). Female orgasm but not male ejaculation activates the pituitary. A PET-neuro-imaging study. Neuroimage, 76(1), 178-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.03.012

Islam, M. R., Akash, S., Jony, M. H., Alam, M. N., Nowrin, F. T., et al. (2023). Exploring the potential function of trace elements in human health: a therapeutic perspective. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 478(10), 2141-2171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-022-04638-3

Jackson, P. A., Haskell-Ramsay, C., Forster, J., Khan, J. L., Veasey, R., et al. (2022). Acute cognitive performance and mood effects of coffee berry and apple extracts: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled crossover study in healthy humans. Nutritional Neuroscience, 25(11), 2335-2343. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415x.2021.1963068

Jafari, F., Tabarrai, M., Abbassian, A., Jafari, F., & Ayati, M. H. (2021). Effect of Garlic (Ailium sativum) Supplementation on Premenstrual Disorders: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2021, Article 9965064. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9965064

Jensen-Cody, S., Coyne, E. S., Ding, X. S., Sebin, A., Vogel, J., et al. (2022). Loss of low-molecular-weight protein tyrosine phosphatase shows limited improvement in glucose tolerance but causes mild cardiac hypertrophy in mice. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 322(6), E517-E527. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00161.2021

Joshi, S. (2021). Pupillometry: Arousal State or State of Mind? Current Biology, 31(1), R32-R34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.001

Kanova, M., & Kohout, P. (2021). Tryptophan: A Unique Role in the Critically Ill. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(21), Article 11714. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms222111714

Kasmara, D. P., Abdullah, E., Harun, Z., Sari, F. N., Abd Rashid, N., & Teoh, S. L. (2025). Mini review of plant products as food supplement against MSG-induced liver injury: antioxidant, oxidative stress and histological prospects. Frontiers In Pharmacology, 16, Article 1522814. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2025.1522814

Kean, J. D., Sarris, J., Scholey, A., Silberstein, R., Downey, L. A., & Stough, C. (2017). Reduced inattention and hyperactivity and improved cognition after marine oil extract (PCSO-524A®) supplementation in children and adolescents with clinical and subclinical symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Psychopharmacology, 234(3), 403-420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-016-4471-y

Kelaiditis, C. F., Gibson, E. L., & Dyall, S. C. (2021). The effects of a high eicosapentaenoic acid multinutrient supplement on measures of stress, anxiety and depression in young adults: Study protocol for NutriMOOD, a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids, 173, Article 102335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102335

Kelliher, L., Kiely, M. E., & Hennessy, A. (2024). Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess habitual iodine intake among women of childbearing age. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 37(3), 633-642. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.13289

Kendig, M. D., Leigh, S. J., & Morris, M. J. (2021). Unravelling the impacts of western-style diets on brain, gut microbiota and cognition. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 128, 233-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.031

Khambadkone, S. G., Cordner, Z. A., Dickerson, F., Severance, E. G., Prandovszky, E., et al. (2020). Nitrated meat products are associated with mania in humans and altered behavior and brain gene expression in rats. Mol Psychiatry, 25(3), 560-571. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41380-018-0105-6

Kidd, P. M. (2007). Omega-3 DHA and EPA for cognition, behavior, and mood: Clinical findings and structural-functional synergies with cell membrane phospholipids. Alternative Medicine Review, 12(3), 207-227.

Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (2010). Stress, Food, and Inflammation: Psychoneuroimmunology and Nutrition at the Cutting Edge. Psychosomatic Medicine, 72(4), 365-369. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e3181dbf489

Kikuchi-Hayakawa, H., Ishikawa, H., Suda, K., Gondo, Y., Hirasawa, G., et al. (2023). Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain shirota on daytime performance in healthy office workers: a double-blind, randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients, 15, 5119. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15245119

Kim, H. K., Kim, S. H., Jang, C. S., Kim, S. I., Kweon, C. O., Kim, B. W., & Ryu, J. K. (2018). The combined effects of yogurt and exercise in healthy adults: Implications for biomarkers of depression and cardiovascular diseases. Food Science & Nutrition, 6(7), 1968-1974. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.772

Kim, J. Y., Kang, H. L., Kim, D. K., Kang, S. W., & Park, Y. K. (2017). Eating habits and food additive intakes are associated with emotional states based on EEG and HRV in healthy Korean children and adolescents. J. of the American College of Nutrition, 36, 335-341. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2017.1281774

Kim, T. J., Byun, J. S., Kwon, H. S., & Kim, D. Y. (2018). Cellular toxicity driven by high-dose vitamin C on normal and cancer stem cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 497(1), 347-353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.083

Kimble, R., Keane, K. M., Lodge, J. K., Cheung, W., Haskell-Ramsay, C. F., & Howatson, G. (2022). Polyphenol-rich tart cherries (Prunus Cerasus, cv Montmorency) improve sustained atten-tion, feelings of alertness and mental fatigue and influence the plasma metabolome in middle-aged adults: a rando-mised, placebo-controlled trial. British Journal of Nutrition, 128, 2409-2420. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114522000460

Kimia, M. (2020). Lifestyle modification helps health care system in diabetes management. African Journal of Diabetes Medicine, 28(2).

Kleinridders, A., & Pothos, E. N. (2019). Impact of Brain Insulin Signaling on Dopamine Function, Food Intake, Reward, and Emotional Behavior. Current Nutrition Reports, 8(2), 83-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-019-0276-z

Kudrinskaya, V. M., Ivlev, A. P., Obukhova, D. A., Maystrenko, V. A., Tiutiunnik, T. V., et al. (2024). Spatial memory impairment is associated with decreased dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity in the brains of rats exposed to manganese chloride. Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376516.2024.2379012

Kurowska, A., Ziemichód, W., Herbet, M., & Piatkowska-Chmiel, I. (2023). The Role of Diet as a Modulator of the Inflammatory Process in the Neurological Diseases. Nutrients, 15(6), Article 1436. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15061436

Kyriacou, K., Blackhurst, D. M., Parkington, J. E., & Marais, A. D. (2016). Marine and terrestrial foods as a source of brain-selective nutrients for early modern humans in the southwestern Cape, South Africa. Journal of Human Evolution, 97, 86-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.04.009

Legrain, S., & Girard, L. (2003). Pharmacology and therapeutic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone in older subjects. Drugs & Aging, 20(13), 949-967.

Lerner, A., Neidhöfer, S., & Matthias, T. (2017). The Gut Microbiome Feelings of the Brain: A Perspective for Non-Microbiologists. Microorganisms, 5(4), Article 66. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms5040066

Letelier, S. L. M., Manríquez M, J. J., & Claro GºA, J. C. (2004). El ciego en los ensayos clínicos ¿importa? J Revista médica de Chile, 132, 1137-1139.

Li, R. Q., Zeng, Q. T., Ji, M. H., Zhang, Y., Mao, M. J., et al. (2025). Oxytocin ameliorates cognitive impairments by attenuating excitation/inhibition imbalance of neurotransmitters acting on parvalbumin interneurons in a mouse model of sepsis. Journal of Biomedical Research, 39(2). https://doi.org/10.7555/jbr.37.20230318

Madireddy, S., & Madireddy, S. (2021). Most Effective Combination of Nutraceuticals for Improved Memory and Cognitive Performance in the House Cricket, Acheta domesticus. Nutrients, 13(2), 362. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13020362

Manchón, J., Quiles, M., & López-Roig, S. (2021). The Role of Acceptance in Eating Behaviors-Spanish Validation of Food Craving Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (FAAQ-S). Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 717886. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.717886

Maran, T., Sachse, P., Martini, M., & Furtner, M. (2017). Benefits of a hungry mind: When hungry, exposure to food facilitates proactive interference resolution. Appetite, 108, 343-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.023

Mariussen, E., & Fonnum, F. (2001). The effect of polychlorinated biphenyls on the high affinity uptake of the neurotransmitters, dopamine, serotonin, glutamate and GABA, into rat brain synaptosomes. Toxicology, 159(1-2), 11-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0300-483x(00)00374-7

Markhus, M. W., Hysing, M., Midtbo, L. K., Nerhus, I., Næss, S., et al. (2021). Effects of Two Weekly Servings of Cod for 16 Weeks in Pregnancy on Maternal Iodine Status and Infant Neurodevelopment: Mommy's Food, a Randomized-Controlled Trial. Thyroid, 31(2), 288-298. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2020.0115

Martens, N., Schepers, M., Zhan, N., Leijten, F., Voortman-Minderman, G., et al. (2022). The use of seaweed-derived phytosterols to defeat alzheimer's disease. Atherosclerosis, 355, E38-E38.

Matias, J., Rodriguez, M. J., Carrillo-Vico, A., Casals, J., Fondevilla, S., et al. (2024). From 'Farm to Fork': Exploring the Potential of Nutrient-Rich and Stress-Resilient Emergent Crops for Sustainable and Healthy Food in the Mediterranean Region in the Face of Climate Change Challenges. Plants-Basel, 13(14), Article 1914. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13141914

Matrisciano, F., & Pinna, G. (2020). PPAR and functional foods: Rationale for natural neurosteroid-based interventions for postpartum depression. Neurobiology of Stress, 12, Article 100222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100222

McNamara, R. K., Able, J., Liu, Y., Jandacek, R., Rider, T., Tso, P., & Lipton, J. W. (2009). Omega-3 fatty acid deficiency during perinatal development increases serotonin turnover in the prefrontal cortex and decreases midbrain tryptophan hydroxylase-2 expression in adult female rats: Dissociation from estrogenic effects. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(6), 656-663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.09.011

Melini, F., Melini, V., Luziatelli, F., Ficca, A. G., & Ruzzi, M. (2019). Health-Promoting Components in Fermented Foods: An Up-to-Date Systematic Review. Nutrients, 11(5), Article 1189. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11051189

Mesripour, A., Gholamzadeh, E., & Yegdaneh, A. (2022). Extraction and Fractionation of the Seaweed Sargassum plagyophylum and Evaluation of Fractions on Depression Induced by Interferon Alpha in Mice. Advanced Biomedical Research, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/abr.abr_186_21

Michelke, L., Deussen, A., Kettner, K., Dieterich, P., Hagemann, D., Kriegel, T. M., & Martin, M. (2018). Biotechnological production of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory dipeptide isoleucine-tryptophan. Engineering in Life Sciences, 18(4), 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1002/elsc.201700172

Mititelu, M., Lupuliasa, D., Neacsu, S. M., Olteanu, G., Busnatu, S. S., et al. (2025). Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Human Health: A Key to Modern Nutritional Balance in Association with Polyphenolic Compounds from Food Sources. Foods, 14(1), Article 46. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14010046

Mitra, A. K. (2021). Oxytocin and vasopressin: the social networking buttons of the body. Aims Molecular Science, 8(1), 32-50. https://doi.org/10.3934/molsci.2021003

Mobasher, M. W., Eid, H. F., Soliman, A. M., El-Hanafi, H. M., & El-Makawi, S. M. (2021). Serum Oxytocin Level Among Male Patients With Opioid Dependence and Its Relation to Craving. Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment, 20(2), 132-140. https://doi.org/10.1097/adt.0000000000000231

Moura, C. S., Lollo, P. C. B., Morato, P. N., & Amaya-Farfan, J. (2018). Dietary Nutrients and Bioactive Substances Modulate Heat Shock Protein (HSP) Expression: A Review. Nutrients, 10(6), Article 683. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060683

Münstedt, K., Voss, B., Kullmer, U., Schneider, U., & Hübner, J. (2015). Bee pollen and honey for the alleviation of hot flushes and other menopausal symptoms in breast cancer patients. Mol Clin Oncol, 3(4), 869-874. https://doi.org/10.3892/mco.2015.559

Murakami, R., Natsume, M., Ito, K., Ebihara, S., & Terauchi, M. (2023). Effect of Flavanol-Rich Cacao Extract on the Profile of Mood State in Healthy Middle-Aged Japanese Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. NUTRIENTS, 15(17). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15173843

Mustafa, N. S., Abu Bakar, N. H., Mohamad, N., Adnan, L. H. M., Fauzi, N., et al. (2020). MDMA and the Brain: A Short Review on the Role of Neurotransmitters in Neurotoxicity. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 11(4), 381-387. https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.9.10.485

Mutoh, N., Kakiuchi, I., Kato, K., Xu, C. D., Iwabuchi, N., et al. (2023). Heat-Killed L. helveticus Enhances Positive Mood States: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Brain Sciences, 13(6), 973. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13060973

Nakayama, T., Okimura, K., Shen, J., Guh, Y. J., Tamai, T. K., et al. (2020). Seasonal changes in NRF2 antioxidant pathway regulates winter depression-like behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(17), 9594-9603. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2000278117

Ni, L. Y., Zhuge, F., Yang, S., Ma, L. Y., Zheng, A. Q., et al. (2021). Hydrolyzed Chicken Meat Extract Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Impairment in Middle-Aged Mouse by Regulating M1/M2 Microglial Polarization. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 69(34), 9800-9812. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03541

Nimalaratne, C., Lopes-Lutz, D., Schieber, A., & Wu, J. P. (2011). Free aromatic amino acids in egg yolk show antioxidant properties. Food Chemistry, 129(1), 155-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.058

Noah, L., Morel, V., Bertin, C., Pouteau, E., Macian, N., et al. (2022). Effect of a combination of magnesium, B vitamins, rhodiola, and green tea (L-Theanine) on chronically stressed healthy individuals-a randomized, placebo-controlled study. Nutrients, 14(9), 1863. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091863

Nobari, H., Banihashemi, M., Saedmocheshi, S., Prieto-González, P., & Oliveira, R. (2023). Overview of the impact of sleep monitoring on optimal performance, immune system function and injury risk reduction in athletes: A narrative review. Science Progress, 106(4), Article 00368504231206265. https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504231206265

Nolan, J. M., Power, R., Howard, A. N., Bergin, P., Roche, W., Prado-et al. (2022). Supplementation With Carotenoids, Omega-3 Fatty Acids, and Vitamin E Has a Positive Effect on the Symptoms and Progression of Alzheimer's Disease. Journal of Alzheimers Disease, 90(1), 233-249. https://doi.org/10.3233/jad-220556

O'Callaghan, C., Walpola, I. C., & Shine, J. M. (2021). Neuromodulation of the mind-wandering brain state: the interaction between neuromodulatory tone, sharp wave-ripples and spontaneous thought. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 376(1817), Article 20190699. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0699

Ordóñez-Iriarte, J. M. (2020). Salud mental y salud ambiental. Una visión prospectiva. Informe SESPAS. Gac Sanit, 34 Suppl 1, 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.05.007

Pan, X., Luo, Y., Zhao, D. D., & Zhang, L. L. (2022). Drinking water quality, dyslipidemia, and cognitive function for older adults in china. Innovation In Aging, 6, 82-82.

Peña Fernández, E., & Reidl Martínez, L. M. (2015). Las Emociones y la Conducta Alimentaria. Acta de Investigación Psicológica, 5(3), 2182-2193. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2007-4719(16)30008-4

Perez-Cornago, A., Sanchez-Villegas, A., Bes-Rastrollo, M., Gea, A., Molero, P., Lahortiga-Ramos, F., & Martínez-González, M. A. (2016). Intake of High-Fat Yogurt, but Not of Low-Fat Yogurt or Prebiotics, Is Related to Lower Risk of Depression in Women of the SUN Cohort Study. Journal of Nutrition, 146(9), 1731-1739. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.116.233858

Perneczky, R., Darby, D., Frisoni, G. B., Hyde, R. B., Iwatsubo, T., et al. (2025). Real-world datasets for the International Registry for Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias (InRAD) and other registries: An international consensus. Jpad-Journal of Prevention of Alzheimers Disease, 12(4), Article 100096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjpad.2025.100096

Pickering, G., Noah, L., Pereira, B., Goubayon, J., Leray, V., et al. (2023). Assessing brain function in stressed healthy individuals following the use of a combination of green tea, Rhodiola, magnesium, and B vitamins: an fMRI study. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, Article 1211321. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2023.1211321

Pinto, K. J., Hashim, A., Priya, E. S. S., Kalpana, B., Thomas, R., & Prasad, K. S. (2024). Disposable paper electrodes for detection of changes in dopamine concentrations in rat brain homogenates. Talanta, 274, Article 125940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125940

Pitre, A. J., & Nicki, R. M. (1992). Dietary restraint anxiety and its relationship to human eating behavior. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 23(2), 77-80.

Postigo-Zegarra, S., Schoeps, K., Pérez-Marín, M., Lacomba-Trejo, L., & Valero-Moreno, S. (2024). Personal and family factors for emotional distress in adolescents with chronic disease. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, Article 1304683. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1304683

Prats-Arimon, M., Puig-Llobet, M., Barceló-Peiró, O., Ribot-Domènech, I., Vilalta-Sererols, C., et al. (2024). An Interdisciplinary Intervention Based on Prescription of Physical Activity, Diet, and Positive Mental Health to Promote Healthy Lifestyle in Patients with Obesity: A Randomized Control Trial. Nutrients, 16(16), 2776. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162776

Pribic, T., Lopez, Q., Lucas, E., Livovsky, D. M., Rovira, A., et al. (2020). Testing the Food Experience in Healthy Human Volunteers: a Proof-of-Concept Study. Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases, 29(1), 65-+. https://doi.org/10.15403/jgld-806

Privitera, G. J., Welling, D., Tejada, G., Sweazy, N., Cuifolo, K. N., King-Shepard, Q. W., & Doraiswamy, P. M. (2018). No calorie comfort: Viewing and drawing "comfort foods" similarly augment positive mood for those with depression. Journal of Health Psychology, 23(4), 598-607. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316681861

Proserpio, C., Fia, G., Bucalossi, G., Zanoni, B., Spinelli, S., et al. (2020). Winemaking Byproducts as Source of Antioxidant Components: Consumers' Acceptance and Expectations of Phenol-Enriched Plant-Based Food. Antioxidants, 9(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080661

Psara, E., Papadopoulou, S. K., Mentzelou, M., Voulgaridou, G., Vorvolakos, T., Apostolou, T., & Giaginis, C. (2025). Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Symptoms: A Narrative Review of the Current Clinical Evidence. Marine Drugs, 23(2), Article 84. https://doi.org/10.3390/md23020084

Qayyum, S., Iltaf, S., Sajjad, M., & Azam, M. (2024). Association of sleep patterns and water intake with cognitive functions in adults in an urban environment. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 40(4), 606-611. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.4.8268

Qiu, W. X., Han, Y., Huang, J. R., Chen, D. J., Fang, J. W., Chang, H. J., & Peng, X. E. (2025). Higher Food and Lifestyle Oxidative Balance Scores Decreases the Risk of Hypertension in Chinese Adults: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 27(4), Article e70042. https://doi.org/10.1111/jch.70042

Qu, S. Y., Yu, Z. J., Zhou, Y. X., Wang, S. Y., Jia, M. Q., Chen, T., & Zhang, X. J. (2024). Gut microbiota modulates neurotrans-mitter and gut-brain signaling. Microbiological Research, 287, 127858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2024.127858

Quattrocki, E., & Friston, K. (2014). Autism, oxytocin and interoception. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 47, 410-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.09.012

Rapoport, S. I. (2014). Lithium and the Other Mood Stabilizers Effective in Bipolar Disorder Target the Rat Brain Arachidonic Acid Cascade. Acs Chemical Neuroscience, 5(6), 459-467. https://doi.org/10.1021/cn500058v

Reddan, J. M., Gauci, S., Young, L. M., Kennedy, G., Rowsell, R., et al. (2024). From ocean to emotion: a pilot study exploring acute mood effects following consumption of a DHA-rich powder compared with placebo in middle-aged Australian men. British Journal of Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114524002204

Reksten, A. M., Wiech, M., Aakre, I., Markhus, M. W., Nostbakken, O. J., et al. (2024). Exploring the nutrient composition of various shellfish available in Norway and their role in providing key nutrients. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 128, Article 106003. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2024.106003

Richard, S. A., Sackey, M., & Kortei, N. K. (2021). Exploring the Pivotal Neurophysiologic and Therapeutic Potentials of Vitamin C in Glioma. Journal of Oncology, 2021, Article 6141591. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6141591

Rizzoli, R., & Biver, E. (2024). Role of fermented dairy products in the health benefits of a mediterranean diet. Aging Clinical and Experimental Research, 36(1), Article 75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-024-02721-x

Rooney, C., Neville, C. E., Young, I. S., Gilchrist, S., McKinley, M. C., et al. (2012). Effect of a fruit and vegetable intervention on subjective mood and mental health in older adults. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 71(OCE2), E91-E91. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0029665112001486

Rower, H. B., Olinto, M. T. A., Gonçalves, T. R., & Pattussi, M. P. (2017). The role of emotional states in fruit and vegetable consumption in Brazilian adults. Ciencia & Saude Coletiva, 22(2), 489-497. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232017222.00982016

Rucklidge, J. J., Bruton, A., Welsh, A., Ast, H., & Johnstone, J. M. (2025). Annual Research Review: Micronutrients and their role in the treatment of paediatric mental illness. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 66(4), 477-497. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14091

Rupanagunta, G. P., Nandave, M., Rawat, D., Upadhyay, J., Rashid, S., & Ansari, M. N. (2023). Postpartum depression: aetiology, pathogenesis and the role of nutrients and dietary supple-ments in prevention and management. Saudi Pharmaceutical J., 31(7), 1274-1293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2023.05.008

Sabouri, S., Esmailzadeh, M., Sadeghinejad, A., Shahrbabaki, M. E., Asadikaram, G., & Nikvarz, N. (2022). The Effect of Adjunctive Probiotics on Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Bipolar Disorder: A Double-blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 28(5), 373-382. https://doi.org/10.1097/pra.0000000000000660

Saidi, V., Sheikh-Zeinoddin, M., Kobarfard, F., Soleimanian-Zad, S., & Doost, A. S. (2020). Profiling of bioactive metabolites during the ripening of a semi-hard non-starter culture cheese to detect functional dietary neurotransmitters. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 28, Article 101734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2020.101734

Samoggia, A., Riedel, B., & Ruggeri, A. (2020). Social media exploration for understanding food product attributes perception: the case of coffee and health with Twitter data. British Food Journal, 122(12), 3815-3835. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2019-0172

Sánchez-Villegas, A., Alvarez-Pérez, J., Toledo, E., Salas-Salvadó, J., Ortega-Azorín, C., et al. (2018). Seafood Consumption, Omega-3 Fatty Acids Intake, and Life-Time Prevalence of Depression in the Predimed-Plus Trial. Nutrients, 10(12), Article 2000. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10122000

Sarkawi, M., Ali, R. A. R., Wahab, N. A., Rathi, N. D. A., & Mokhtar, N. M. (2024). A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial on Lactobacillus-containing cultured milk drink as adjuvant therapy for depression in irritable bowel syndrome. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article 9478. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60029-2

Sasaki, K., Ferdousi, F., Fukumitsu, S., Kuwata, H., & Isoda, H. (2021). Antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like activities of Rosmarinus officinalis extract in rodent models: Involvement of oxytocinergic system. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 144, Article 112291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112291

Scholefield, M., Church, S. J., Xu, J. S., Patassini, S., Hooper, N. M., Unwin, R. D., & Cooper, G. J. S. (2021). Substantively Lowered Levels of Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) in Several Regions of the Human Brain in Parkinson's Disease Dementia. Metabolites, 11(9), Article 569. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo11090569

Scuto, M., Majzúnová, M., Torcitto, G., Antonuzzo, S., Rampulla, F., Di Fatta, E., & Salinaro, A. T. (2024). Functional Food Nutrients, Redox Resilience Signaling and Neurosteroids for Brain Health. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(22), Article 12155. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252212155

Semerciöz, A. S., Yilmaz, B., & Özilgen, M. (2020). Thermodynamic assessment of allocation of energy and exergy of the nutrients for the life processes during pregnancy. British Journal of Nutrition, 124(7), 742-753, Article Pii s0007114520001646. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520001646

Shabbir, U., Tyagi, A., Ham, H. J., Elahi, F., & Oh, D. H. (2022). Effect of Fermentation on the Bioactive Compounds of the Black Soybean and Their Anti-Alzheimer's Activity. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, Article 880361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.880361

Smid, D. J., Klous, L., Ballak, S. B., Catoire, M., De Hoogh, I. M., & Hoevenaars, F. P. M. (2025). Exploring the role of nutritional strategies to influence physiological and cognitive mechanisms in cold weather operations in military personnel. FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY, 16, Article 1539615. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2025.1539615

Smith, E., Stevenson, R., Dudley, L., & Francis, H. (2022). The relationship of health-related expectancies, fruit and vegetable intake, and positive mood: expectancies are important, but not in the way you expect. British Food Journal, 124(3), 885-897. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2021-0289

Solberg, E. (2011). The Effects of Powdered Fertilized Eggs on Depression. Journal of Medicinal Food, 14(7-8), 870-875. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2010.0146

Son, Y. S., Ullah, H. M. A., Elfadl, A. K., Chung, M. J., Ghim, S. G., et al. (2018). Preventive Effects of Vitamin C on Diethylnitro-samine-induced Hepatotoxicity in Smp30 Knockout Mice. In Vivo, 32(1), 93-99. https://doi.org/10.21873/invivo.11209

Stoll, A. L., Severus, W. E., Freeman, M. P., Rueter, S., Zboyan, H. A., et al. (1999). Omega 3 Fatty Acids in Bipolar Disorder: A Preliminary Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(5), 407-412. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.56.5.407

Su, K. P., Wang, S. M., & Pae, C. U. (2013). Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for major depressive disorder. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs, 22(12), 1519-1534. https://doi.org/10.1517/13543784.2013.836487

Summers, B. S., Broome, S. T., Pang, T. W. R., Mundell, H. D., Belic, N. K., et al. (2024). A Review of the Evidence for Tryptophan and the Kynurenine Pathway as a Regulator of Stem Cell Niches in Health and Disease. International Journal of Tryptophan Research, 17, Article 11786469241248287. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786469241248287

Sun, Q. P., Wang, T. Y., Zhan, X. Y., Hong, S. J., Lin, L. F., et al. (2023). Legacy and novel perfluoroalkyl substances in raw and cooked squids: Perspective from health risks and nutrient benefits. Environment International, 177, Article 108024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.108024

Suzuki, K., Okamatsu, Y., Uchida, R., Sasahara, I., Takeshita, M., et al. (2024). Effect of whey protein-derived decapeptide on mood status and blood variables in healthy adults: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. Eur J Nutr, 63(7), 2789-2799. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-024-03464-1

Szczepanska, K., Karcz, T., Dichiara, M., Mogilski, S., Kalinowska-Tluscik, J., et al. (2023). Dual Piperidine-Based Histamine H3 and Sigma-1 Receptor Ligands in the Treatment of Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 66(14), 9658-9683. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00430

Taib, M. N. M., Shariff, Z. M., Wesnes, K. A., Abu Saad, H., & Sariman, S. (2012). The effect of high lactose-isomaltulose on cognitive performance of young children. A double blind cross-over design study. Appetite, 58(1), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2011.09.004

Takase, M., Yokoyama, Y., Nofuji, Y., Abe, T., Nonaka, K., & Murayama, H. (2024). The frequency of raw vegetable and fruit consumption and associates with depressive mood in japanese older adults. Innovation in Aging, 8, 1278-1278. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.4086

Talbott, S. M., Talbott, J. A., Brownell, L., & Yimam, M. (2023). UP165, A Standardized Corn Leaf Extract for Improving Sleep Quality and Mood State. Journal of Medicinal Food, 26(1), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2021.0197

Tanaka-Kanegae, R., Kimura, H., & Hamada, K. (2024). Effects of an 8-week intake of lysolecithin on cognitive function and concentrations of blood choline and lysophosphatidylcholine: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition. https://doi.org/10.3164/jcbn.24-105

Taylor, A. M., & Holscher, H. D. (2020). A review of dietary and microbial connections to depression, anxiety, and stress. Nutritional Neuroscience, 23(3), 237-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415x.2018.1493808

Taylor, A. M., Thompson, S. V., Edwards, C. G., Musaad, S. M. A., Khan, N. A., & Holscher, H. D. (2020). Associations among diet, the gastrointestinal microbiota, and negative emotional states in adults. Nutritional Neuroscience, 23(12), 983-992. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415X.2019.1582578

Thorning, T. K., Raben, A., Tholstrup, T., Soedamah-Muthu, S. S., Givens, I., & Astrup, A. (2016). Milk and dairy products: good or bad for human health? An assessment of the totality of scientific evidence. Food & Nutrition Research, 60, Article 32527. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.32527

Timonen, M., Horrobin, D., Jokelainen, J., Laitinen, J., Herva, A., & Räsänen, P. (2004). Fish consumption and depression: the Northern Finland 1966 birth cohort study. J. of Affective Disorders, 82, 447-452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2004.02.002

Tomczyk, M., Bidzan-Wiacek, M., Kortas, J. A., Kochanowicz, M., Jost, Z., et al. (2024). Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation affects tryptophan metabolism during a 12-week endurance training in amateur runners: a randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 14(1), Article 4102. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54112-x

Tung, T. H., Lai, W. D., Lee, H. C., Su, K. P., Panunggal, B., & Huang, S. Y. (2023). Attenuation of Chronic Stress-Induced Depressive-like Symptoms by Fish Oil via Alleviating Neuroinflammation and Impaired Tryptophan Metabolism in Aging Rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 71(40), 14550-14561. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01784

USDA. (2022). Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-2020. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture.

van de Rest, O., Geleijnse, J. M., Kok, F. J., van Staveren, W. A., Hoefnagels, W. H., Beekman, A. T. F., & Groot, L. (2008). Effect of fish-oil supplementation on mental well-being in older subjects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 88(3), 706-713.

van Lill, J. B. (2019). Gaining knowledge about the complex human lifeworld. Tydskrif Vir Geesteswetenskappe, 59(3), 318-344. https://doi.org/10.17159/2224-7912/2019/v59n3a2

Vicenzi, S., Foa, L., & Gasperini, R. J. (2021). Serotonin functions as a bidirectional guidance molecule regulating growth cone motility. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 78(5), 2247-2262. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-020-03628-2

Villamil, R. A., Robelto, G. E., Mendoza, M. C., Guzmán, M. P., Cortés, L. Y., Méndez, C. A., & Giha, V. (2020). Desarrollo de productos lácteos funcionales y sus implicaciones en la salud: Una revisión de literatura. Revista chilena de nutrición, 47, 1018-1028.

Wade, A. T., Davis, C. R., Dyer, K. A., Hodgson, J. M., Woodman, R. et al. (2019). A mediterranean diet with fresh, lean pork improves processing speed and mood: cognitive findings from the medpork randomised controlled trial. Nutrients, 11(7), Article 1521. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11071521

Wang, Y. Y., Liu, W., Peng, S. G., Chen, Y., Chen, F. F., et al. (2024). Enhancing thermostability of tryptophan hydroxylase via protein engineering and its application in 5-hydroxytryp-tophan production. Inter j of biological macromolecules, 264, 130609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130609

Wang, Z. L., Zhang, J., Yuan, J., Min, F. F., Gao, J. Y., et al. (2024). Oral administration of egg ovalbumin allergen induces dysregulation of tryptophan metabolism in sensitized BALB/c mice. Food & Function, 15(8), 4375-4388. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fo05300h

Weltens, N., Ceccarini, J., Cool, L., Depoortere, I., Van Laere, K., Tack, J., & Van Oudenhove, L. (2016). Food-induced dopamine release in extra-striatal regions of the brain reward system predicts food intake in healthy humans. Neurogastroenterology and Motility, 28, 33-33.

Wijesekara, T., & Xu, B. J. (2025). New insights into the connection between food and mood: Unlock the science-backed benefits of dietary bioactive components toward emotional wellbeing. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 162, 105105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2025.105105

Wilson, L. C., & Goodson, J. L. (2016). Staying close to weather the winter: Oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing hormone may act together to promote seasonal flocking. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 56, E394-E394.

Wong, A., Materón, E. M., Freitas, T. A., Faria, R. C., Gonçalves, D., & Sotomayor, M. D. T. (2022). Voltammetric sensing of tryptophan in dark chocolate bars, skimmed milk and urine samples in the presence of dopamine and caffeine. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 52(8), 1249-1257. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-022-01703-z

Wu, G. Y. (2020). Metabolism and functions of amino acids in sense organs. In G. Wu (Ed.), Amino Acids in Nutrition and Health: Amino Acids in Systems Function and Health (Vol. 1265, pp. 201-217). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45328-2_12

Wu, W. X., Chen, F. G., Ma, H., Lu, J. X., Zhang, Y. H., et al. (2025). Dietary protein requirements of older adults with sarcopenia determined by the indicator amino acid oxidation technology. Frontiers In Nutrition, 12, Article 1486482. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2025.1486482

Wu, Z., Wang, P. Y., Pan, D. D., Zeng, X. Q., Guo, Y. X., & Zhao, G. S. (2021). Effect of adzuki bean sprout fermented milk enriched in γ-aminobutyric acid on mild depression in a mouse model. Journal of Dairy Science, 104(1), 78-91. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2020-19154

Yagishita, S. (2020). Transient and sustained effects of dopamine and serotonin signaling in motivation-related behavior. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 74(2), 91-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/pcn.12942

Ye, X., Shin, B. C., Baldauf, C., Ganguly, A., Ghosh, S., & Devaskar, S. U. (2021). Developing Brain Glucose Transporters, Serotonin, Serotonin Transporter, and Oxytocin Receptor Expression in Response to Early-Life Hypocaloric and Hypercaloric Dietary, and Air Pollutant Exposures. Developmental Neuroscience, 43(1), 27-42. https://doi.org/10.1159/000514709

Yılmaz, C., & Gökmen, V. (2020). Neuroactive compounds in foods: Occurrence, mechanism and potential health effects. Food Research International, 128, 108744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108744

You, Y. X., Shahar, S., Haron, H., Yahya, H. M., & Din, N. C. (2020). High traditional Asian vegetables(ulam) intake relates to better nutritional status, cognition and mood among aging adults from low-income residential areas. British Food Journal, 122(10), 3179-3191. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2020-0009

Zahar, S., Schneider, N., Makwana, A., Chapman, S., Corthesy, J., Amico, M., & Hudry, J. (2023). Dietary tryptophan-rich protein hydrolysate can acutely impact physiological and psychological measures of mood and stress in healthy adults. Nutritional Neuroscience, 26(4), 303-312. https://doi.org/10.1080/1028415x.2022.2047435

Zappelli, E., Daniele, S., Vergassola, M., Ceccarelli, L., Chelucci, E., et al. (2022). A specific combination of nutraceutical Ingredients exerts cytoprotective effects in human cholinergic neurons. Pharmanutrition, 22, Article 100317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phanu.2022.100317

Zaru, A., Maccioni, P., Colombo, G., & Gessa, G. L. (2013). The dopamine β-hydroxylase inhibitor, nepicastat, suppresses chocolate self-administration and reinstatement of chocolate seeking in rats. British Journal of Nutrition, 110(8), 1524-1533. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513000743

Zeisel, S. H., & da Costa, K. A. (2009). Choline: an essential nutrient for public health. Nutrition Reviews, 67(11), 615-623. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00246.x

Zhu, B. T. (2010). Development of selective immune tolerance towards the allogeneic fetus during pregnancy: Role of tryptophan catabolites. Inter J of Molecular Medicine, 25(6), 831-835. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm_00000411

Zhu, Y., Azad, A. M., Kjellevold, M., Bald, C., Iñarra, B., et al. (2023). Differences in nutrient and undesirable substance concentrations in Maurolicus muelleri across the Bay of Biscay, Norwegian fjords, and the North Sea. Frontiers In Marine Science, 10, 1213612. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1213612