Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maul [(sin.) Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat] en el cultivo de cacao: síntomas, ciclo biológico y estrategias de manejo

Anthony A.  Moreira-Morrillo; Ángel V.  Cedeño-Moreira; Fabricio  Canchignia-Martínez; Felipe R.  Garcés-Fiallos

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.068

Autores/as

Anthony A. Moreira-Morrillo Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Campus Experimental La Teodomira, km 13, Lodana, Santa Ana. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4060-3044
Ángel V. Cedeño-Moreira Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Av. Quito km 1.5 vía, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Quevedo, Los Ríos. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-5569
Fabricio Canchignia-Martínez Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Av. Quito km 1.5 vía, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Quevedo, Los Ríos. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-5446
Felipe R. Garcés-Fiallos Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Campus Experimental La Teodomira, km 13, Lodana, Santa Ana https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-4439

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.068

Palabras clave:

Theobroma cacao L., Lasiodiplodia theobromae, ciclo biológico, muerte regresiva, pudrición de mazorcas, medidas de manejo

Resumen

A lo largo de la historia, el cultivo del cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) se ha visto afectado por innumerables enfermedades, algunas de estas causadas por Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maul. Aunque han sido reportadas tres especies de Lasiodiplodia afectando plantas de cacao, L. theobromae es la especie más estudiada tanto en cacao como en otros cultivos. En los últimos años este fitopatógeno ha venido tomando importancia. En cacao, L. theobromae puede sobrevivir en el suelo y restos de cultivo en forma de picnidios y clamidósporas, diseminándose por diferentes factores hasta alcanzar los tejidos vegetales, permaneciendo ahí como endófito. El hongo patogénico puede causar muerte de ramillas jóvenes (síntoma característico encontrado en campo), pudrición y momificación de frutos, e incluso muerte regresiva. De manera general, el manejo de patógenos de la familia Botryosphaeriaceae es complejo, más aún cuando el patógeno ya está presente en el local de cultivo. Sin embargo, existen medidas de control genético, cultural, biológico, químico, entre otras, que podrían ser integradas y usadas en el cultivo de cacao. Al existir poca información sobre L. theobromae en el cultivo de cacao, creemos que está revisión será de mucha ayuda tanto para técnicos como para investigadores.

Citas

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