Mechanisms and applications of rhizobacteria in phosphorus acquisition and biocontrol of phytopathogenic nematodes

Marcos  Vera-Morales; Giovanna  Carpio; Enoy  Leiva-Pantoja; María F.  Ratti

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2026.019

Authors

Marcos Vera-Morales Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2342-6269
Giovanna Carpio Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, UPS, Grupo de Investigación en Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas, GIAB, Campus María Auxiliadora, Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Enoy Leiva-Pantoja Universidad de Guayaquil, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Medicina. Ciudadela Universitaria Salvador Allende, Guayaquil, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9908-0564
María F. Ratti Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Centro de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas del Ecuador, CIBE, Campus Gustavo Galindo, Guayaquil, Ecuador. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3725-8921

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2026.019

Keywords:

Biofertilizante, biopesticida, ecología microbiana, metabolitos secundarios, nutrición vegetal

Abstract

Los nematodos que parasitan cultivos son una seria amenaza en la producción agrícola del mundo. La preocupación por los riesgos ambientales y toxicológicos asociados al uso de sustancias químicas impulsa la búsqueda de alternativas más respetuosas con el medio ambiente para controlar los nematodos fitopatógenos. Se considera viable emplear agentes de control biológico, como las bacterias que además de tener mecanismos para controlar nematodos, también son promotoras del crecimiento de las plantas. El objetivo de esta revisión es ampliar la comprensión sobre los mecanismos de los agentes bacterianos para suprimir poblaciones de nematodos y solubilizar fósforo. Las bacterias tienen interacciones antagónicas capaces de producir metabolitos, aumentar la resistencia sistémica de las plantas y competir por espacios. Los compuestos químicos que producen las bacterias son capaces de mineralizar el fósforo orgánico que se encuentra en el suelo y facilitarlos para la adsorción de las plantas. Las bacterias de la rizosfera tienen una acción sinérgica para mejorar el crecimiento y la protección de las plantas. El enfoque de esta revisión busca aportar a una comprensión más amplia del potencial de las rizobacterias cuyo doble papel como promotoras del crecimiento vegetal y agentes nematófagos las convierte en herramientas clave para un manejo sostenible de nematodos fitoparásitos. Esta perspectiva abre la posibilidad de integrar dichos microorganismos y sus metabolitos en planes de manejo agrícola innovadores, capaces de responder tanto a las demandas productivas como a los desafíos impuestos por el cambio climático.

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