Una revisión sobre biocontroladores de Phytophthora capsici y su impacto en plantas de Capsicum: Una perspectiva desde el exterior al interior de la planta

Edwin  Quispe-Quispe; Anthony A.  Moreira-Morrillo; Felipe Rafael Garcés-Fiallos

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.025

Autores

Edwin Quispe-Quispe Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Agronomic Engineering, Technical University of Manabí, Experimental Campus La Teodomira, km 13.5, Santa Ana, Manabí
Anthony A. Moreira-Morrillo Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Agronomic Engineering, Technical University of Manabí, Experimental Campus La Teodomira, km 13.5, Santa Ana, Manabí
Felipe Rafael Garcés-Fiallos Laboratory of Phytopathology, Faculty of Agronomic Engineering, Technical University of Manabí, Experimental Campus La Teodomira, km 13.5, Santa Ana, Manabí

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.025

Palavras-chave:

ají, pimiento, bioestimulantes, control biológico, inducción de resistencia

Resumo

Phytophthora capsici es un oomiceto que causa diversos síntomas como pudrición de raíz, cuello, tallo y fruto, y tizón foliar en diversas especies vegetales que incluye el género Capsicum. Una de las herramientas para contrarrestar este problema biótico, y que tal vez sea más rentable y respetuosa con el medio ambiente a largo plazo, es el uso de biocontroladores como Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces (bacterias) y Trichoderma (hongo). Parece que cada uno de estos microorganismos poseen diferentes mecanismos que les permiten inhibir y reducir el crecimiento de P. capsici, afectando negativamente su desarrollo de esporangios, germinación y motilidad de zoosporas, y crecimiento del tubo germinativo. Aunque parecería que esta acción biocontroladora directa sobre el fitopatógeno está correlacionada con la reducción de síntomas en plantas de Capsicum u otras especies vegetales, que también involucraría la activación de respuestas de defensa en plantas contra P. capsici inducidas por los microorganismos. Estos pueden estimular en plantas infectadas o no con P. capsici, la actividad de varias enzimas relacionadas a las vías de isoflavonoides y especies reactivas de oxígeno, así como la expresión de diferentes genes que codifican proteínas relacionadas con la patogénesis, y otras proteínas que pueden activar las vías de señalización del ácido jasmónico, ácido salicílico o etileno. A pesar de los pocos trabajos existentes relacionados con la interacción bioquímica y molecular de Capsicum–P. capsici–biocontrolador, en esta revisión se ha esquematizado y elucidado los posibles efectos y rutas metabólicas relacionadas a ese sistema vegetal tripartito.

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