Efficiency of three buffers for extracting β-glucosidase enzyme in different soil orders: Evaluating the role of soil organic matter
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2017.04.13Palabras clave:
soil hydrolases, buffer solutions, soil organic matter, soil quality, volcanic soils.Resumen
The objective of this research was to evaluate extraction methods for β-glucosidases comparing three buffer solutions (MUB, acetate, and maleate) at different incubation times (0.5 h to 10 h) and in three different soil orders (Mollisols, Andisols and Ultisols). Seven acidic soils were evaluated, showing differences in pH, OM, and clay contents. To evaluate the effect of OM as enzymes source, one soil of each order was treated to partially remove its OM and then the enzyme assay was performed. When using MUB and maleate buffers the highest (32 and 31 µg-pNP g-soil-1h-1 in average, respectively) were found, and the latter was significantly (p < 0.050) correlated with the soil clay content. The activity obtained with acetate buffer was much lower (38.2 µg-pNP g-soil-1h-1 in average). The use of MUB buffer with 1 h of incubation is suggested as extraction method, showing good reproducibility and allowing to express higher enzyme potential for soil comparisons. For the Andisol and Ultisol, the enzyme activity significantly decreased with the OM removal (%) indicating that OM is the major source of the measured β-glucosidase activity, while a different trend was observed for the Mollisol, in which the mineral fraction (mainly 2:1 type clay) appears to be involved in the increased enzyme activity displayed after the initial OM removal.
Citas
Acosta, V.; Acosta, D.; Sotomayor, D.; Cruz, L. 2008. Microbial communities and enzymatic activities under different management in semiarid soils. Applied Soil Ecology 38: 249-260.
Adetunji, A.T.; Lewu, F.B.; Mulidzi, R.; Ncube, B. 2017. The biological activities of β-glucosidase, phosphatase and urease as soil quality indicators: a review. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 17: 794-807.
Alvear, M.; Rosas, A.; Rouanet, J.; Borie, F. 2005. Effects of three soil tillage systems on some biological activities in an Ultisol from southern Chile. Soil and Tillage Research 82: 195-202.
Avellaneda-Torres, L.; Melgarejo, M.; Narváez-Cuenca, C.; Sánchez, J. 2013. Enzymatic activities of potato crop soils subjected to conventional management and grassland soils. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 13: 301-312.
Baldrian, P.; Snajdr, J.; Merhautová, V.; Doviasová, P.; Cajthaml, T.; Velasková, V. 2013. Responses of the extracellular enzyme activities in hardwood forest to soil temperature and seasonality and the potential effects of climate change. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 56: 60-68.
Batistic, L.; Sarkar, J.; Mayaudon J. 1980. Extraction, purification and properties of soil hydrolases. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 12: 59-63.
Blankinship, J.; Becerra, C.; Schaeffer, S.; Schimel, J. 2014. Separating cellular metabolism from exoenzyme activity in soil organic matter decomposition. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 71: 68-75.
Bowles, T.; Acosta-Martínez, V.; Calderón, F.; Jackson, L.E. 2014. Soil enzyme activities, microbial communities, and carbon and nitrogen availability in organic agroecosystems across an intensively-managed agricultural landscape. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 68: 252-262.
Burns, R.; DeForest, J.; Marxsen, J.; Sinsabaught, R.; Stromberger, M.; Wallenstein, M.; Weintraub, M.; Zoppini, A. 2013. Soil enzymes in a changing environment: Current knowledge and future directions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 58: 216-234.
Busto, M.D.; Pérez, M. 1995. Extraction of humic β – glucosidase fraction from soil. Biology and Fertility of Soils 20: 77-82.
Coughlan, M. 1985. The properties of fungal and bacterial cellulases with comment on their production and applications. Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews 3: 39-109.
Criquet, S. 2002. Measurement and characterization of cellulase activity in sclerophyllous forest litter. Journal of Microbiology Methods 50: 165-173.
Debosz, K.; Rasmussen, P.; Pedersen, A. 1999. Temporal variations in microbial biomass C and cellulolytic enzyme activity in arable soils: effects of organic matter input. Applied Soil Ecology 13: 209-218.
Deng, S.; Tabatabai M. 1994. Cellulase activity in soils. Soil Biology Biochemistry 26: 1347-1354.
Dick, R.P.; Breakwell, D.P.; Turco, R.F. 1996. Soil enzyme activities and biodiversity measurements as integrative microbiological indicators. In: Methods for Assessing Soil Quality. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. Pp. 247-272.
Escudey, M.; Galindo, G. 1983. Effect of iron oxide coating on electrophoretic mobility and dispersion of allophane. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 93: 78-83.
Escudey, M.; Galindo, G.; Forster, J.; Briceño, M.; Díaz, P.; Chang, A. 2001. Chemical forms of phosphorus in volcanic ash derived soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 35: 601-616.
Fincheira-Robles, P.; Martínez-Salgado, M.M.; Ortega-Blu, R.; Janssens, M. 2016. Compost and humic substance effects on soil parameters of Vitis vinifera L. cv Thompson seedless. Scientia Agropecuaria 7: 291-296.
Gianfreda, L.; Rao, M.; Piotrowska, A.; Palumbo, G.; Colombo, C. 2005. Soil enzyme activities affected by anthropogenic alterations: intensive agricultural practices and organic pollution. Science of the Total Environment 341: 265-279.
Gianfreda, L.; Ruggiero P. 2006. Enzyme activities in soil. In: Nucleic Acids and Proteins in Soil. Springer – Verlag, Berlin, Germany. Pp. 257-311.
Kabiri, V.; Raiesi, F.; Gazhavi, M.A. 2016. Tillage effects on soil microbial biomass, SOM mineralization and enzyme activity in a semi-arid Calcixerepts. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 232: 73-84.
Kanerva, S.; Smolander, A.; Kitunen, V.; Ketola, R-A.; Kotiaho, T. 2013. Comparison of extractants and applicability of MALDI–TOF-MS in the analysis of soil proteinaceous material from different types of soil. Organic Geochemistry 56: 1-9.
Kieloaho, A.; Pihlatie, M.; Dominguez-Carrasco, M.; Kanerva, S.; Parshintsev, J.; Riekkola, M.; Pumpanen, J.; Heinonsalo, J. 2016. Stimulation of soil organic nitrogen pool: The effect of plant and soil organic matter degrading enzymes. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 96: 97-106.
Knight, T.; Dick, R. 2004. Differentiating microbial and stabilized β-glucosidase activity relative to soil quality. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 36: 2089-2096.
Li, D.; Fan, J.; Zhang, X.; Xu, X.; He, N.; Wen, X.; Su, X.; Blagodatskaya, E.; Kuzyakov, Y. 2017. Hydrolyse kinetic to detect temperature-related changes in the rates of soil organic matter decomposition. European Journal of Soil Biology 81: 108-115.
Ma, X.; Chen, L.; Chen, Z.; Wu, Z.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, Y. 2010. Soil glycosidase activities and water soluble organic carbon under different land use types. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 10: 93-101.
Maharjan, M.; Sanaullah, M.; Razavi, B.; Kuzyakov, Y. 2017. Effect of land use and management practices on microbial biomass and enzyme activities in subtropical top-and sub-soils. Applied Soil Ecology 113: 22-28.
Mangalassery, S.; Mooney. S.; Sparkes, D.; Fraser, W.; Sjögersten, S. 2015. Impacts of zero tillage on soil enzyme activities, microbial characteristics and organic matter functional chemistry in temperate soils. European Journal of Soil Biology 68: 9-17.
Masciandaro, G.; Macci C.; Doni S.; Maserti B.; Calvo-Bado A.; Ceccanti B.; Wellington, E. 2008. Comparison of extraction methods for recovery of extracellular β-glucosidase in two different forest soil. Soil Biology Biochemistry 40: 2156-2161.
Mazzei, P.; Oschkinat, H.; Piccolo, A. 2013. Reduced activity of alkaline phosphatase due to host–guest interactions with humic superstructures. Chemosphere 93: 1972-1979.
Merino, C.; Godoy, R.; Matus, F. 2016. Soil enzymes and biological activity at different levels of organic matter stability. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 16: 14-30.
Monreal, C.; Bergstrom, D. 2000. Soil enzymatic factors expressing the influence of land use, tillage system and texture on soil biochemical quality. Canadian Journal of Soil Science 80: 419-428.
Moscatelli, M.; Lagomarsino, A.; Garzillo, A.; Pignataro, A.; Grego, S. 2012. β-Glucosidase kinetic parameters as indicators of soil quality under conventional and organic cropping systems applying two analytical approaches. Ecological Indicators 13: 322-327.
Nannipieri, P.; Sequi, P.; Fusi, P. 1996. Humus and enzyme activity. In: Piccolo, A. (Ed.). Humic Substances in Terrestrial Ecosystems. Elsevier, Italy. Pp. 293-321.
Nannipieri, P.; Kandeler E.; Ruggiero P. 2002. Enzyme activities and microbiological and biochemical processes in soil. In: Burns, R.; Dick, R. (Eds.). Enzymes in the Environment. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, USA. Pp. 1-33.
Quiquampoix, H. 1987. A stepwise approach to the understanding of extracellular enzyme activity in soil I. Effect of electrostatic interactions on the conformation of a/3-D-glucosidase adsorbed on different mineral surfaces. Biochimie 69: 753-763.
Rosas, A., López, A.; López, R. 2011. Behavior of enzymatic activity in Chilean volcanic soil and their interactions with clay fraction. In: Shukla, G.; Varma, A. (Eds.). Soil Enzymology. Springer, New York, USA. Pp. 313-328.
Ruggiero, J.; Dec, J. M.; Bollag, G. 1996. Soil as a catalytic system. In: Stotzky, G.; Bollag, J. (Eds.). Soil Biochemistry, vol. 9. Marcel Dekker, New York, USA. Pp. 79-122.
Schimel, J.; Becerra, C-A.; Blankinship, J. 2017. Estimating decay dynamics for enzyme activities in soils from different ecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 114: 5-11.
Spark, D. (Ed.). 1996. Methods of Soil Analysis, part 3, Chemical methods. Book Series N°5, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, WI, USA. 1264 pp.
Tabatabai, M; Dick, W. 2002. Enzyme in soils: Research and development in measuring the activities. In: Burns, R.; Dick, R. (Eds.). Enzymes in the Environment. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York, USA. Pp. 567-596.
Turner, B. L. 2010. Variation of pH optima of hydrolytic enzyme activities in tropical rain forest soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, 6485-6493.
Turner, B. L.; Hopins, D. W.; Hayagarth, P. M.; Ostle, N. 2002. β-Glucosidase activity in pasture soils. Applied Soil Ecology 20: 157-162.
Verchot, L.; Borelli, T. 2005. Application of para – nitrophenol (pNP) enzyme assays in degraded tropical soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 37: 625-633.
Violante, A.; Pigna,M.; Ricciardella, M.; Gianfreda, L. 2002. Adsorption of phosphate in variable charge minerals and soils as affected by organic and inorganic ligands. In: Violante, A.; Huang, P.; Bollag, J.; Gianfreda, L. (Eds.). Soil Mineral-Organic Matter-Microorganism Interactions and Ecosystem Health. Developments in soil science, Vol 28A. Elsevier, USA. Pp. 279-295.
Yan, J.; Pan, G.; Ding, C.; Quang, G. 2010. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of β-glucosidase immo-bilized on various colloidal particles from a paddy soil. Colloid Surface B Biointerfaces 79: 298-303.
Received September 14, 2017.
Accepted December 1, 2017.
Corresponding author: viguti86@gmail.com (V. Gutiérrez).
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Los autores que publican en esta revista aceptan los siguientes términos:
a. Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y conceden a la revista el derecho publicación, simultáneamente licenciada bajo una licencia de Creative Commons que permite a otros compartir el trabajo, pero citando la publicación inicial en esta revista.
b. Los autores pueden celebrar acuerdos contractuales adicionales separados para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión publicada de la obra de la revista (por ejemplo, publicarla en un repositorio institucional o publicarla en un libro), pero citando la publicación inicial en esta revista.
c. Se permite y anima a los autores a publicar su trabajo en línea (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de presentación, ya que puede conducir a intercambios productivos, así como una mayor citación del trabajo publicado (ver efecto del acceso abierto).
