Influencia de los arreglos de siembra en el cultivo asociado de pimiento orgánico (Capsicum annuum) cv “Cardinal” y albahaca (Ocimum basilicum) en la Costa Central del Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2025.03.08Palabras clave:
agricultura orgánica, pimiento, asociación de cultivos, plagas, manejo orgánicoResumen
En la agricultura orgánica, la asociación de cultivos representa una estrategia clave para mejorar el rendimiento y la sostenibilidad de los sistemas productivos. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento, la calidad de frutos y la incidencia de plagas clave en cuatro arreglos de siembra en la asociación pimiento-albahaca en condiciones de la costa central del Perú. Se empleó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones y cuatro tratamientos: T1 (monocultivo de pimiento: 14 hileras, 140 plantas); T2 (arreglo 1:1, 7HP–7HA, 70 plantas de cada especie); T3 (arreglo 3:4, 6HP–8HA); y T4 (arreglo 5:9, 5HP–9HA). Las asociaciones superaron al monocultivo en todos los parámetros evaluados. El T3 obtuvo el mayor rendimiento total (3,82 kg m⁻²) y comercial (3,47 kg m⁻²), seguido del T2 con 3,67 y 3,45 kg m⁻², superando a T1 en 27–32%. En calidad, T2 destacó con hasta 80,9% de frutos de primera categoría. Asimismo, la inclusión de albahaca redujo las poblaciones de Frankliniella occidentalis, Prodiplosis longifila y Spodoptera spp. entre 29% y 47%. En conclusión, T3 y T2 mostraron los mejores resultados en el rendimiento, la calidad y el control biológico, constituyéndose en alternativas agroecológicas viables.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Jorge Víctor Grández-Vega, Sarita Maruja Moreno Llacza, Cesar Huaripata
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