Eficiencia en la utilización de fósforo en maíces nativos cultivados en Andosoles del Centro de México

Jeannette S. Bayuelo Jiménez

doi:10.17268/agroind.sci.2025.03.02

Authors

Jeannette S. Bayuelo Jiménez Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Tarímbaro. Michoacán. México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6253-4126

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2025.03.02

Keywords:

Zea mays, fósforo, patrón de acumulación, partición, removilización

Abstract

La eficiencia en el uso de fósforo (P) está regulada por la forma en que la planta adquiere y utiliza el recurso en condiciones restrictivas. Se evaluó el proceso de acumulación, partición y removilización de materia seca y P en maíz y su relación con la eficiencia en la utilización de P (EUtP). Se cultivaron seis genotipos de maíz de maduración precoz y tardía en un suelo ácido, con una reducida (25 kg P₂O₅ha^-1) (BP) y adecuada (50 kg P₂O₅ha^-1) (AP) fertilización fosforada. El estudio identificó variabilidad genotípica para EUtP. Los genotipos de maduración tardía presentaron alta acumulación de materia seca y P en órganos vegetativos, pero una menor removilización de asimilados a la semilla en desarrollo, en BP. Al contrario, los genotipos precoces mantuvieron una constante acumulación y partición de materia seca entre órganos y alta removilización de P hacia la semilla, en BP y AP. Independientemente de la dosis, los genotipos precoces removieron mayor biomasa (22 %) y P (21 %) del vástago a la semilla en comparación con los tardíos (18 y 15 %). Una óptima partición de materia seca en la planta y una mayor partición de P hacia tejidos jóvenes y activos incrementan la EUtP, en suelos ácidos.

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