Effect of dietary supplementation with vitamin C on the productive performance, stress and immune response of turkey reared in a natural hypoxic environment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2020.03.07Keywords:
vitamin C, performance, stress status, immune function, broiler turkey.Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of vitamin C in the diet of turkeys reared in a natural hypoxic environment (high Andean zone of Peru, 2750 masl), on productive performance, hematological values, stress status and immune function. One-day-old Hybrid Converter turkeys were assigned to 5 groups of 5 replicates. The birds of the 5 groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0 (control group), 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg of vitamin C for 91 days. Vitamin C decreased heterophile / lymphocyte levels (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, vitamin C at a level greater than or equal to 1000 mg / kg decreased bird mortality (p < 0.05), reduced the stress indicator (p < 0.05), increased the antibody titer (p < 0.05), but did not improve growth parameters (p > 0.05). Consequently, dietary supplementation with vitamin C could regulate productive performance, by reducing the level of mortality, promoting immune function, and improving the state of stress in commercial turkeys, reared in a natural hypoxic environment. These results encourage commercial turkey meat production in hypoxic areas.
References
Asensio, X.; Abdelli, N.; Piedrafita, J.; et al. 2020. Effect of fibrous diet and vitamin C inclusion on uniformity, carcass traits, skeletal strength, and behavior of broiler breeder pullets. Poultry Science 99: 2633-2644.
Bautista-Ortega, J.; Cortes-Cuevas, A.; Ellis, et al. 2014. Supplemental L-arginine and vitamins E and C preserve xanthine oxidase activity in the lung of broiler chickens grown under hypobaric hypoxia. Poultry Science 93: 979-988.
Balog, J.M.; Anthony, N.B.; Cooper, M.A.; et al. 2000. Ascites Syndrome and Related Pathologies in Feed Restricted Broilers Raised in a Hypobaric Chamber. Poultry Science 79: 318-323.
Beyzi, S.B.; Konca, Y.; Kaliber, M.; et al. 2020. Effects of thyme essential oil and A, C, and E vitamin combinations to diets on performance, egg quality, MDA, and 8-OHdG of laying hens under heat stress. Journal of Applied Animal Research 48(1): 126-132.
Bou, R.; Grimpa, S.; Guardiola, F.; et al. 2006. Effects of Various Fat Sources, α-Tocopheryl Acetate, and Ascorbic Acid Supplements on Fatty Acid Composition and α-Tocopherol Content in Raw and Vacuum-Packed, Cooked Dark Chicken Meat. Poultry Science 85: 1472-1481.
Boerboom, G.; van Kempen, T.; Navarro-Villa, A.; et al. 2018. Unraveling the cause of white striping in broilers using metabolomics. Poultry Science 97: 3977-3986.
Campo, J.L.; Gil, M.G.; Dávila, S.G.; et al. 2007. Effect of Lighting Stress on Fluctuating Asymmetry, Heterophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio, and Tonic Immobility Duration in Eleven Breeds of Chickens. Poultry Science 86: 37-45.
Che, T.M.; Pérez, V.G.; Song, M.; et al. 2012. Effect of rice and other cereal grains on growth performance, pig removal, and antibiotic treatment of weaned pigs under commercial conditions. Animal Science 90: 4916-4924.
Copca-Nieto, D.V.; Álvarez-López, J.A.; Santillán-Fragoso, W.J.; et al. 2017. Relación entre síndrome metabólico e índice neutrófilo/linfocito. Medicina Interna de México 33(2): 195-203.
Daneshyar, M.; Kermanshahi, H.; Golian, A. 2009. Changes of biochemical parameters and enzyme activities in broiler chickens with cold induced ascites. Poultry Science 88: 106-110.
Drazbo, A.; Kozlowski, K.; Ognik, K.; et al. 2019. The effect of raw and fermented rapeseed cake on growth performance, carcass traits, and breast meat quality in turkey. Poultry Science 98: 6161-6169.
Druyan, S.; Levi, E.; Shinder, D.; et al. 2012. Reduced O2 concentration during CAM development - Its effect on physiological parameters of broiler embryos. Poultry Science 91: 987-997.
El-Senousey, H.K.; Chen, B.; Wang, J.Y.; et al. 2018. In ovo injection of ascorbic acid modulates antioxidant defense system and immune gene expression in newly hatched local Chinese yellow broiler chicks. Poultry Science 97: 425-429.
FEDNA. Fundación Española para el Desarrollo de la Nutrición Animal. 2018. Necesidades nutricionales para avicultura. Disponible en: http://www.fundacionfedna.org/node/75
Gan, L.; Fan, H.; Mahmood, T.; et al. 2020. Dietary supplementation with vitamin C ameliorates the adverse effects of Salmonella Enteritidis-challenge in broilers by shaping intestinal microbiota. Poultry Science (In press).
Genovese, K.; Swaggerty, H.H.; Kogut, M.H. 2013. The avian heterophil. Developmental & Comparative Immunology 41(3): 334-340.
Germany, L.; Rondón, J.; Durand, N.; et al. 2019. Caracterización de las medidas de bioseguridad de las granjas avícolas en la provincia de Coronel Portillo, Ucayali – Perú. Revista de Investigaciones Veterinarias del Perú 30(3): 1274-1282.
Harsij, M.; Kanani, H.G.; Adine, H. 2020. Effects of antioxidant supplementation (nano-selenium, vitamin C and E) on growth performance, blood biochemistry, immune status and body composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under sub-lethal ammonia exposure. Aquaculture (In press).
Huff, G.R.; Huff, W.E.; Balog, J.M.; et al. 2005. Stress Response Differences and Disease Susceptibility Reflected by Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Turkeys Selected for Increased Body Weight. Poultry Science 84: 709-717.
INEI (Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática). 2018. Perú: Crecimiento y distribución de la población, 2017. Primeros Resultados. Disponible en: https://www.inei.gob.pe/media/MenuRecursivo/publicaciones_digitales/Est/Lib1530/libro.pdf
Izadinia, M.; Nobakht, M.; Khajali, F.; et al. 2010. Pulmonary hypertension and ascites as affected by dietary protein source in broiler chickens reared in cool temperature at high altitudes. Animal Feed Science and Technology 155: 194-200.
Jankowski, J.; Mikulski, D.; Mikulska, M.; et al. 2019a. The effect of different dietary ratios of arginine, methionine, and lysine on the performance, carcass traits, and immune status of turkeys. Poultry Science, In press.
Jankowski, J.; Ognik, K.; Stepniowska, A.; et al. 2019b. The effect of the source and dose of manganese on the performance, digestibility and distribution of selected minerals, redox, and immune status of turkeys. Poultry Science 98: 1379-1389.
Kalmar, I.D.; Vanrompay, D.; Janssens, G.P.J. 2013. Broiler ascites syndrome: Collateral damage from efficient feed to meat conversion. The Veterinary Journal 197: 169-174.
Leskovec, J.; Levart, A.; Peric, L.; et al. 2019. Antioxidative effects of supplementing linseed oil-enriched diets with α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, selenium, or their combination on carcass and meat quality in broilers. Poultry Science 98: 6733-6741.
Macedo-Márquez, A. 2012. La producción de especies reactivas de oxígeno (EROs) en las mitocondrias de Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas 15(2): 97-103.
Maxwell, M.H.1993. Avian blood leucocyte responses to stress. World’s Poultry Science 49: 34-43.
Mc Donald, P.; Edwards, R.A.; Greenhalgh, J.F.D.; et al. 2010. Animal Nutrition. Seventh Edition. Pearson Editorial. London, England. 692 pp.
Nain, S.; Wojnarowicz, C.; Laarveld, B.; et al. 2009. Vascular remodeling and its role in the pathogenesis of ascites in fast growing commercial broilers. Research in Veterinary Science 86: 479-484.
Quintana, J.A. 2013. Avitecnia: Manejo de las aves domésticas más comunes. Cuarta edición. Editorial Trillas. México, D.F. México. 406 pp.
SAS Institute. 2002. SAS User’s Guide. Statistics. Version 9.2 ed. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.
Saiz del Barrio, A.; Mansilla, W.D.; Navarro-Villa, A.; et al. 2020. Effect of mineral and vitamin C mix on growth performance and blood corticosterone concentrations in heat-stressed broilers. J. Appl. Poult. Res. 29: 23-33.
Scanes, C.G.; Hurst, K.; Thaxton, Y.; et al .2020. Effect of transportation and shackling on plasma concentrations of corticosterone and heterophil to lymphocyte ratios in market weight male turkeys in a commercial operation. Poultry Science 99: 546-554.
Scanes, C.G.; Hurst, K.; Thaxton, Y.; et al. 2019. Effects of putative stressors and adrenocorticotropic hormoneon plasma concentrations of corticosterone in market-weigh tmale turkeys. Poultry Science (In press).
Young, J.F.; Stagsted, J.; Jensen, S.K.; et al. 2003. Ascorbic Acid, α-Tocopherol, and Oregano Supplements Reduce Stress-Induced Deterioration of Chicken Meat Quality. Poultry Science 82: 1343-1351.
Zampiga, M.; Tavaniello, S.; Soglia, F.; et al. 2019. Comparison of 2 commercial turkey hybrids: productivity, occurrence of breast myopathies, and meat quality properties. Poultry Science 98: 2305-2315.
Zeng, Q.F.; Yang, X.; Zheng, P.; et al. 2016. Effects of low ambient temperatures and dietary vitamin C supplementation on pulmonary vascular remodeling and hypoxic gene expression of 21-d-old broilers. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 15(1): 183-190.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The authors who publish in this journal accept the following conditions:
a. The authors retain the copyright and assign to the magazine the right of the first publication, with the work registered with the Creative Commons attribution license, which allows third parties to use the published information whenever they mention the authorship of the work and the First publication in this journal.
b. Authors may make other independent and additional contractual arrangements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (eg, include it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book) as long as it clearly indicates that the work Was first published in this journal.
c. Authors are encouraged to publish their work on the Internet (for example, on institutional or personal pages) before and during the review and publication process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and a greater and faster dissemination of work Published (see The Effect of Open Access).
