Aceites esenciales de plantas nativas del Perú: Efecto del lugar de cultivo en las características fisicoquímicas y actividad antioxidante
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2019.04.04Keywords:
Aceite esencial, huacatay, poleo, romero, sachaculantro.Abstract
Los aceites esenciales (AE) son usados como conservantes en la industria de alimentos, debido a sus características fisicoquímicas y actividad antioxidante. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar rendimiento (R), gravedad específica (GE), índice de refracción (IR), actividad antioxidante (AA) y composición química de AE de huacatay (Tagetes minuta), poleo (Minthostachys mollis), romero (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) y sachaculantro (Eryngium foetidum L.), plantas recolectadas de 52 distritos de la región Amazonas, Perú. Para cada AE se usó análisis de varianza de efectos fijos con tres repeticiones y análisis de clúster. La actividad antioxidante se determinó con el método del radical libre 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidracilo (DPPH) y sus componentes más abundantes fueron identificados con cromatografía de gases acoplada a espectrometría de masas. Las diferencias en R, GE e IR fueron significativas entre distritos. La AA no mostró diferencia significativa entre los distritos, pero entre las plantas sí. Entre los componentes volátiles más abundantes se identificó 1–adamantanol (44,42%) en huacatay, β–felandreno (20,85%) en poleo, β–mirceno (34,59%) en romero y α–pineno (23,41%) en sachaculantro. Se concluye que el lugar geográfico afecta significativamente las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los AE.
Author Biographies
Efraín M. Castro–Alayo, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas.
Segundo G. Chávez–Quintana, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas.
Erick A. Auquiñivín-Silva, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas.
Armstrong B. Fernández-Jeri, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas.
Otilia Acha-De la Cruz, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería.
Nadia Rodríguez-Hamamura, Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería.
Guadalupe Olivas-Orozco, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo.
David Roberto Sepúlveda-Ahumada, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo.
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Received April 17, 2019.
Accepted October 29, 2019.
Corresponding author: efrain.castro@untrm.edu.pe (E.M. Castro-Alayo).
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