The roasting process and place of cultivation influence the volatile fingerprint of Criollo cocoa from Amazonas, Peru

Marvin G. Valle-Epquín; César R. Balcázar-Zumaeta; Erick A. Auquiñivín-Silva; Armstrong B. Fernández-Jeri; Guillermo Idrogo-Vásquez; Efraín M. Castro-Alayo

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2020.04.16

Autores/as

Marvin G. Valle-Epquín Programa Académico de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Calle Higos Urco 342-350-356, Chachapoyas, Amazonas. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0060-2231
César R. Balcázar-Zumaeta Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA-Amazonas), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Calle Higos Urco 342-350-356, Chachapoyas, Amazonas. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3033-6440
Erick A. Auquiñivín-Silva Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA-Amazonas), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Calle Higos Urco 342-350-356, Chachapoyas, Amazonas. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9226-9896
Armstrong B. Fernández-Jeri Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA-Amazonas), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Calle Higos Urco 342-350-356, Chachapoyas, Amazonas. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9476-1078
Guillermo Idrogo-Vásquez Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA-Amazonas), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Calle Higos Urco 342-350-356, Chachapoyas, Amazonas. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-5006
Efraín M. Castro-Alayo Instituto de Investigación, Innovación y Desarrollo para el Sector Agrario y Agroindustrial de la Región Amazonas (IIDAA-Amazonas), Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional Toribio Rodríguez de Mendoza de Amazonas, Calle Higos Urco 342-350-356, Chachapoyas, Amazonas. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4322-8980

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2020.04.16

Palabras clave:

Criollo cocoa, roasting, volatile fingerprint, aromatic markers, principal component analysis.

Resumen

The Criollo cocoa bean is classified as “fine” or flavor cocoas, being perceived as aromatic or smooth with fruity, raisin, floral, spicy, nutty, molasses, and caramel notes. In the present work, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry was used to study the volatile fingerprint of roasted and unroasted Criollo cocoa from four Amazon districts: Nieva, Cajaruro, Copallín and La Peca located in the Amazon Region of Peru. The results showed that the main sensory perception of cocoa is fruit, and this decreases as the roasting intensity increases. A total of 96 volatile compounds were found, of which the esters had a greater presence in the volatile fingerprint of Criollo cocoa. Propyl acetate (3.5%), acetoin acetate (1.3%) and diethyl succinate (0.8%) were found as the characteristic compounds of Criollo cocoa analyzed, which give it its fruit perception. The linalool/benzaldehyde ratio was between 0.56 and 0.89 for La Peca and Cajaruro cocoa. Principal component analysis revealed that the Criollo cocoa in each district has a different volatile fingerprint, whether it is roasted or unroasted beans. The roasting process generates a greater differentiation of the volatile fingerprint of Criollo cocoa.

Citas

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