Caracterización de Phytophthora spp. y aplicación de rizobacterias con potencial en biocontrol de la enfermedad de la mazorca negra en Theobroma cacao variedad CCN-51

Ángel Virgilio Cedeño Moreira; Ricardo Fernando Romero Meza; Javier Andrés Auhing Arcos; Antonio Francisco Mendoza León; Fernando Abasolo Pacheco; Hayron Fabricio Canchignia Martínez

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2020.04.05

Autores/as

Ángel Virgilio Cedeño Moreira Departamento de Biotecnología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular-PGPR, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, EC. 120501, Los Ríos. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6564-5569
Ricardo Fernando Romero Meza Departamento de Biotecnología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular-PGPR, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, EC. 120501, Los Ríos. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-3309
Javier Andrés Auhing Arcos Departamento de Biotecnología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular-PGPR, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, EC. 120501, Los Ríos. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4537-7234
Antonio Francisco Mendoza León Departamento de Biotecnología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular-PGPR, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, EC. 120501, Los Ríos. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5103-0152
Fernando Abasolo Pacheco Departamento de Biotecnología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular-PGPR, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, EC. 120501, Los Ríos. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-7432
Hayron Fabricio Canchignia Martínez Departamento de Biotecnología, Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular-PGPR, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, EC. 120501, Los Ríos. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1195-5446

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2020.04.05

Palabras clave:

Phytophthora, Theobroma cacao, rizobacteria, biocontrol, rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento en plantas, antagonista.

Resumen

El objetivo del trabajo se enfocó en Caracterizar la biodiversidad de Phytophthora spp. y rizobacterias con potencial al biocontrol en la enfermedad de la mazorca negra en CCN-51. Nueve muestras vegetales con síntomas a la enfermedad se recolectaron de áreas productoras de cacao, evaluando sus características morfológicas e identificación por PCR. Se observan distintos morfotipos de colonias; algodonosos, borde regular y estrellado característico para Phytophthora spp. Los perfiles de electroforesis revelan un amplicón de 159 pb para P. palmivora, demostrando su distribución en las nueve zonas. Los ensayos en inhibición micelial in vitro a P. palmivora, determinaron niveles altos de antagonismo de 78 y 60% por enfrentamiento directo con las rizobacterias. Los resultados en bio-protección a CCN-51 por aplicaciones de P. veronii R4, A. calcoaceticus BMR2-12, S. marcescens PM3-8 y P. protegens CHA0 son efectivos al control de P. palmivora cepa (BL15), sin aplicación de bacterias se evidencia el avance de la enfermedad a nivel foliar a 15 y 19 dpi con (2,00E+05) zoospporas. La aplicación edáfica de las rizobacterias en CCN-51, se fusionó la capacidad promotora al crecimiento en plantas y supresión de la enfermedad por P. palmivora.

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