Avances tecnológicos en la obtención, identificación y producción de hidrolizados proteicos de residuos de pescado por acción enzimática: propiedades bioactivas y tecnofuncionales, aplicación en alimentos, mercado y regulación

Deyvis Espinoza; Augusto Castillo

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.012

Autores/as

Deyvis Espinoza Universidad Nacional del Santa, Perú
Augusto Castillo Universidad Nacional del Santa, Perú

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.012

Palabras clave:

residuos de pescado, hidrólisis enzimática, péptidos bioactivos, producción de alimentos, nutracéutico

Resumen

En la actualidad, se han desarrollado numerosas metodologías para obtener el máximo aprovechamiento de proteínas del pescado, con la finalidad de satisfacer la demanda nutricional humana, este aprovechamiento se ha realizado tanto, a partir de pescado entero como de sus residuos o subproductos (hígado, cabeza, piel, gónadas, esqueleto y vísceras) los que representan hasta el 60% del pescado entero. Potencialmente el pescado entero y los subproductos pueden utilizarse como fuentes de aminoácidos esenciales, colágeno, gelatina, lípidos poliinsaturados y enzimas. Mediante el uso de la tecnología enzimática se han obtenido hidrolizados proteicos con amplio potencial para su aplicación como ingredientes en el desarrollo y producción de alimentos fortificados, debido a sus propiedades funcionales (antihipertensivos, antioxidantes, antimicrobianos e inmunomoduladores) los que pueden reducir los riesgos de cáncer, envejecimiento, diabetes y enfermedades cardiovasculares. Además, estos hidrolizados presentan importantes propiedades tecno-funcionales (formación de espuma, solubilidad, emulsificación, gelificación, retención de agua y aceite) que proveen características tecnológicas deseables para el procesamiento, almacenamiento y calidad del producto, así como para el comportamiento durante el procesamiento y almacenamiento. Esta revisión analiza los avances en la tecnología de obtención, identificación y producción de hidrolizados proteicos de pescado (FPH) por acción enzimática, con énfasis en residuos de pescado destacando la aplicación de los FPH en alimentos, el análisis de mercado y las regulaciones globales. Se recomienda continuar los estudios de optimización de producción enzimática de FPH a fin de lograr mejorar el sabor y su aplicación en la fortificación de alimentos de consumo masivo.

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