Calidad de agua para riego en la cuenca Huallaga, Perú
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.022Palavras-chave:
ICA-PE, CCME-WQI, Riego, ECA, ContaminaciónResumo
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la calidad del agua superficial destinada para riego en la cuenca Huallaga. Se trabajaron con los datos de monitoreo de calidad del agua en la cuenca realizados por la Autoridad Nacional del Agua (ANA) contando con 139 puntos de monitoreo, evaluando 41 parámetros para el periodo 2014 – 2019, se calculó el Índice de Calidad de Agua peruano (ICA – PE) destinado para riego, usando como valores de referencias al Estándar de Calidad Ambiental (ECA) para aguas superficiales en la categoría 3 D1 (aguas de regadío). De los 139 puntos de monitoreo, 26 (18,71%) de ellos resultaron con una calidad excelente, 62 (44,60%) con calidad buena, 35 (25,18%) con calidad regular, 13 (9,35%) con calidad mala y 3 (2,16%) con pésima calidad. Los principales contaminantes encontrados fueron los Coliformes Termotolerantes, Escherichia coli, que en promedio sobrepasaron el ECA en 606 y 288 veces y en el 53,4% (1029/1927) y 38,9% (701/1803) respectivamente. La contaminación por pesticidas organoclorados, en el 100% (10/10) de las mediciones del clordano se sobrepasó el ECA y con respecto al Endrín, Aldrín y DDT se sobrepasó el ECA en el 40% (10/25). El pH, en el 25,6% de las mediciones el agua se encontró fuera de los rangos tendiendo a la alcalinidad y para el manganeso, hierro y aluminio, sobrepasaron los ECAs en 17,7%, 13,3% y 11,2% respectivamente. Las principales fuentes contaminantes son las aguas residuales agrícolas y municipales, así como también la presencia de puntos críticos de residuos sólidos.
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