Aptitud climática para Coffea arabica L. ante eventos climáticos extremos: Importancia de la cobertura arbórea

Paulo César Parada-Molina; Víctor Luis Barradas-Miranda; Gustavo Ortiz Ceballos; Juan Cervantes-Pérez; Carlos Roberto Cerdán Cabrera

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.005

Autores

Paulo César Parada-Molina Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9567-7142
Víctor Luis Barradas-Miranda Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-7190
Gustavo Ortiz Ceballos Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4979-0520
Juan Cervantes-Pérez Facultad de Ciencias Atmosféricas, Universidad Veracruzana. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-3348
Carlos Roberto Cerdán Cabrera Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Veracruzana. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0498-2617

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.005

Palavras-chave:

anomalías climáticas, fenología, índices de cambio climático, sistema agroforestal, tendencias climáticas

Resumo

Se prevén impactos negativos del cambio climático en la producción de Coffea arabica L. uno de los agroproductos tropicales más comercializados en el mundo. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios trabajan con modelos de circulación global, siendo poco útiles en la toma de decisiones a escala de manejo de una finca. Ante ello, el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar la aptitud para el cultivo de C. arabica ante el cambio climático y cómo la cobertura arbórea mitiga los impactos del cambio climático en una parcela agroforestal. Se calcularon los índices de extremos climáticos (1961 a 2016 para Coatepec; 1985 a 2016 para Briones) y se realizó un análisis de tendencias (Mann-Kendall). Se monitoreó la temperatura en el interior de una parcela, y en un sitio abierto, durante dos años (2017-2019). Esto se relacionó con los requerimientos climáticos de C. arabica. Se identificaron tendencias de incremento (p<0,05) de las temperaturas mínima y mínima extrema anual en las dos estaciones cercanas a la parcela (0,24 y 0,69 °C·década^-1 en Coatepec y 0,46 y 0,79 °C·década^-1 en Briones). La temperatura máxima no presentó incrementos significativos, reduciendo la amplitud térmica. Tanto la precipitación anual y estacional muestran tendencias de incremento en intensidad. Todas estas condiciones siguen siendo aptas para el cultivo de C. arabica. A escala de parcela, se demuestra la importancia de la cobertura arbórea, que en este sistema agroforestal permite reducir la temperatura máxima 1,9 °C en comparación con un sitio abierto. Asimismo, la cobertura arbórea ha permitido mitigar eventos extremos.

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