Genetic diversity and phylogeny of the genus Cinchona in Cutervo National Park, Peru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.056Keywords:
Conservation, Cinchona tree, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, matK markerAbstract
Species of the genus Cinchona are recognized for their effectiveness in treating malaria. For Peru, this genus is of greater importance regarding forestry and civic aspects, because it represents the richness of the plant resource. Nevertheless, nowadays Cinchona populations are strongly threatened by various anthropogenic activities. Cutervo National Park (PNC) is the Peruvian's first Protected Natural Area (ANP) and is considered as a conservation unit for the genus Cinchona. Objective: Determine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of the species of the genus Cinchona that inhabit the PNC. Methods: We tested 13 samples using the matK marker and a phylogenetic tree was generated using the maximum likelihood method and bootstrap measures of phylogenetic support. Results: 8 number of haplotypes (h) were recorded, with haplotype diversity (Hd) 0.859 and nucleotide diversity (π) 0.35%, also identifying: C. calisaya, C. pubescens and C. pitayensis for the PNC; the phylogenetic tree showed C. pitayensis as conserved specie, meanwhile C. pubsecens is present in many groups. Conclusions: The high genetic diversity of Cinchona and haplotype record of C. calisaya, species with a national conservation category of "Vulnerable", increases the importance for biodiversity conservation of the PNC.
References
Albán-Castillo, J., Chilquillo, E., Melchor-Castro, B., Arakaki, M., León, B., & Suni, M. (2020). Cinchona L.:" Arbol de la Quina": repoblamiento y reforestacion en el Peru. Revista peruana de biología, 27(3), 423-427.
Albán, J. (2013). Etnobotánica de rubiáceas peruanas (Doctoral dissertation, Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor. Escuela de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima-Perú. 617 p.
Andersson, L., & Antonelli, A. (2005). Phylogeny of the Tribe Cinchoneae (Rubiaceae), Its Position in Cinchonoideae, and Description of a New Genus, Ciliosemina. Taxon, 54(1), 17-28.
Andersson, L. (1995). Tribes and genera of the Cinchoneae complex (Rubiaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 409-427.
Antonelli, A., Nylander, J. A. A., Persson, C., & Sanmartín, I. (2009). Tracing the impact of the Andean uplift on Neotropical plant evolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(24), 9749-9754.
Aymard, G. A. (2019). Breve reseña de los aspectos taxonómicos y nomenclaturales actuales del género Cinchona (Rubiaceae-Cinchoneae). Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 234-241.
Caruso, G., Broglia, V., & Pocovi, M. (2015). Diversidad genética. Importancia y aplicaciones en el mejoramiento vegetal. Publicación del Instituto de Ecología y Ambiente Humano, 4(1), 45-50.
Chilquillo, E. A. (2016). Filogenia do gênero Ladenbergia Klotzsch (Rubiaceae: Cinchoneae) e taxonomia atualizada das espécies que ocorrem nos Andes tropicais. Mestre em Biologia Vegeta, Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Brasil.
Collada, C., & Jiménez, P. (2008). Técnicas para la evaluación de la diversidad genética y su uso en los programas de conservación. Forest Systems, 9(4), 237-248. DOI: 10.5424/706.
Cueva-Agila, A., Vélez-Mora, D., Arias, D., Curto, M., Meimberg, H., & Brinegar, C. (2019). Genetic characterization of fragmented populations of Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae), a threatened tree of the northern Andean cloud forests. Tree Genetics and Genomes, 15(6), 81.
De Andrade, J. L. (2013). The concept of biodiversity and the history of conservation biology: from wilderness preservation to biodiversity conservation. História, 32(2), 21-47.
Doyle, J., & Doyle, L. (1987). A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue. Phytochemical Bulletin, 11-15.
Ezenwa, V. O., Godsey, M. S., King, R. J., & Guptill, S. C. (2006). Avian diversity and West Nile virus: Testing associations between biodiversity and infectious disease risk. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 273(1582), 109-117.
García, E. C. (2012). Mecanismos de especiación ecológica en plantas y animales. Biológicas Revista de la DES Ciencias Biológico Agropecuarias, 14(2), 7-13.
Gómez, A., Beraun, L. A., Gómez, O. J., & Llatas, E. (2016). Procesos de regeneración natural de la quina o cascarilla (Cinchona spp.) en los bosques de neblina del distrito de Kañaris, region Lambayeque. INIA Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria. Ministerio de Agricultura. MINAGRI. Lima-Perú
Grant, W., & Bowen, B. . (1998). Shallow Population Histories in Deep Evolutionary Lineages of Marine Fishes: Insights From Sardines and Anchovies and Lessons for Conservation. The Journal of Heredity, 89(5), 415-426.
Hilu, K. W., & Liang, H. (1997). The matK gene sequence variation and application in plant systematics. American Journal of Botany, 84(6), 830-839.
Hoffmann, M., Hilton-Taylor, C., Angulo, A., Böhm, M., Brooks, T. M., et al. (2010). The impact of conservation on the status of the world’s vertebrates. Science, 330(6010), 1503-1509.
Huamán, L., Albán, J., & Chilquillo, E. (2019). Aspectos Taxonómicos y avances en el conocimiento del estado actual del árbol de la Quina (Cinchona officinalis L.) en el Norte de Perú. Ecología Aplicada, 18(2), 145.
Johnson, P. T. J., & Thieltges, D. W. (2010). Diversity, decoys and the dilution effect: How ecological communities affect disease risk. Journal of Experimental Biology, 213(6), 961-970.
Keesing, F., Belden, L. K., Daszak, P., Dobson, A., Harvell, C. D., et al. (2010). Impacts of biodiversity on the emergence and transmission of infectious diseases. Nature, 468(7324), 647-652.
Killeen, T., García, E., & Beck, S. G. (1993). Guía de Árboles de Bolivia. Publicado por Herbario Nacional de Bolivia Missouri Botanical Garden. Impresores Quipus S.R.L., La Paz, Bolivia. Depósito Legal, 693-93. 958.
Little, D. P. (2014). A DNA mini-barcode for land plants. Molecular Ecology Resources, 14(3), 437-446.
López, N. (2016). Evaluación del paisaje y recursos escénicos después de 350 años de explotación de la “cascarilla” o “quina” Cinchona officinalis L. (Rubiaceae) en el sector Cajanuma-Rumishitana, Ecuador. Arnaldoa, 23(2), 461-474.
Maldonado, C., Barnes, C. J., Cornett, C., Holmfred, E., Hansen, S. H., et al. (2017). Phylogeny predicts the quantity of anti-malarial alkaloids within the iconic yellow Cinchona bark (Rubiaceae: Cinchona calisaya). Frontiers in Plant Science, 8, 391.
Manns, U., & Bremer, B. (2010). Towards a better understanding of intertribal relationships and stable tribal delimitations within Cinchonoideae s.s. (Rubiaceae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 56(1), 21-39.
Marchese, C. (2015). Biodiversity hotspots: A shortcut for a more complicated concept. Global Ecology and Conservation, 3, 297-309.
Martins, I. S., Navarro, L. M., Pereira, H. M., & Rosa, I. M. D. (2020). Alternative pathways to a sustainable future lead to contrasting biodiversity responses. Global Ecology and Conservation, 22, e01028.
Mendoza, H., Ramírez, B., & Jiménez, L. C. (2004). Rubiaceae de Colombia. Guía ilustrada de géneros. Bogotá, Colombia: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. ISBN: 8151-31-7.
MINAGRI (2006). Aprueban Categorización de Especies Amenazadas de Flora Silvestre. Decreto Supremo N° 043-2006-AG. Ministerio de Agricultura - MINAGRI. Limas-Perú.
Mostacero, L., Mejía , C., & Gamarra, T. (2009). Fanerógamas del Perú - Taxonomía, utilidad y ecogeografía, Universidad Nacional de Trujillo. CONCYTEC, 1331. ISBN: 978-9972-50-099-2
Nair, K. P. (2010). The Agronomy and Economy of Important Tree Crops of the Developing. Elsevier, 111-129.
Pimm, S. L., Russell, G. J., Gittleman, J. L., & Brooks, T. M. (1995). The future of biodiversity. Science, 269(5222), 347-350.
Piñero, D., Caballero-Mellado, J., Cabrera-Toledo, D., Canteros, C. E., Casas, A., & Castañeda-Sortibrán, A. (2008). La diversidad genética como instrumento para la conservación y el aprovechamiento de la biodiversidad: estudios en especies mexicanas. Capital natural de México, 1, 437-494.
Rawat, U. S., & Agarwal, N. K. (2015). Biodiversity: Concept, threats and conservation. Environment Conservation Journal, 16(3), 19-28.
Salvador, L., Alía, R., Agúndez, D., & Gil, L. (2000). Genetic variation and migration pathways of maritime pine (Pinus pinaster Ait) in the Iberian peninsula. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 100(1), 89-95.
Sánchez, M., & Calderón, A. (2010). Evaluación preliminar de orquídeas en el Parque Nacional Cutervo, Cajamarca-Perú. Ecología Aplicada, 9(1-2), 1.
SERNANP. (2014). Diagnóstico del Proceso de Elaboración del Plan Maestro 2009-2014. Servicio Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado (SERNANP). Lima, Perú.
SERNANP. (2017). Actualización de Plan Maestro del Parque Nacional de Cutervo 2017 - 2021. Aprobado mediante Resolución Presidencial RP N° 031-2017-SERNANP. Servicio Nacional de Areas Naturales Protegidas por el Estado (SERNANP). Lima - Perú.
Zevallos, P. A. (1989). Taxonomía, distribución geográfica y status del género Cinchona en el Perú. Centro de datos para la conservación Facultad de Ciencias Forestales. Edit. Virginia Isayama Okamoto.
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Karla Andrea Peña Yacila, Erick Antonio Suarez-Peña, Carlos Alberto Torres Pera, Luis Alberto Bermejo Requena, Luis Xavier Llacsa Sánchez, Iris Zárate Rodríguez, Oscar Junior Paredes-Vilca, José Yasser Dávila García
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
The authors who publish in this journal accept the following conditions:
a. The authors retain the copyright and assign to the magazine the right of the first publication, with the work registered with the Creative Commons attribution license, which allows third parties to use the published information whenever they mention the authorship of the work and the First publication in this journal.
b. Authors may make other independent and additional contractual arrangements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the article published in this journal (eg, include it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book) as long as it clearly indicates that the work Was first published in this journal.
c. Authors are encouraged to publish their work on the Internet (for example, on institutional or personal pages) before and during the review and publication process, as it can lead to productive exchanges and a greater and faster dissemination of work Published (see The Effect of Open Access).