Composición bacteriana en suelos de cultivo de maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) analizada mediante metagenómica: un estudio en los Andes centrales del Perú

María  Custodio; Fisher  Huaraca-Meza; Richard  Peñaloza; Juan C.  Alvarado-Ibañez; Heidi  De la Cruz-Solano

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.020

Authors

María Custodio Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Centro de Investigación en Medicina de Altura y Medio Ambiente, Av. Mariscal Castilla N° 3909-4089, Huancayo
Fisher Huaraca-Meza Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Centro de Investigación en Medicina de Altura y Medio Ambiente, Av. Mariscal Castilla N° 3909-4089, Huancayo
Richard Peñaloza Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Centro de Investigación en Medicina de Altura y Medio Ambiente, Av. Mariscal Castilla N° 3909-4089, Huancayo
Juan C. Alvarado-Ibañez Universidad Nacional Intercultural “Fabiola Salazar Leguía” de Bagua, Jr. Comercio N° 128, Bagua
Heidi De la Cruz-Solano Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Centro de Investigación en Medicina de Altura y Medio Ambiente, Av. Mariscal Castilla N° 3909-4089, Huancayo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.020

Keywords:

Bacterial composition, soil, Illumina sequencing, Lepidium meyenii, maca

Abstract

The change and intensification of land use has been generating impoverishment of soils with negative effects on biological communities. It was analyzed the bacterial composition of maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) cultivation soils by Illumina sequencing in the Bombón plateau, during 2019. Three sampling sectors were defined, a control sector (natural soil) and two sectors with use pressure ("first use" and "second use" soils). Soil physicochemical indicators were determined through analytical methods and the composition of bacterial communities through Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The results of pH and EC, in control soils and with use pressure, varied from 7.51 to 4.53 and from 0.06 to 0.47 dS/m, respectively. The highest OM, N, P, K and Ca contents were recorded in control soils, decreasing significantly in soils with use pressure. Principal components analysis (PCA) presented a percentage of total variation of 97.1%. Illumina sequencing revealed 3776 bacterial families. SIMPER analysis showed that the highest contribution percentages were made by the Acidobacteriaceae (2.95%), Verrucomicrobiaceae (2.68%), Thermoactinomycetaceae (2.11%) and Akkermansiaceae (2.10%) families. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed a good association between physicochemical variables and bacterial families. The metagenomic analysis has allowed the identification of bacterial families that can be used as indicators of good and bad soil physicochemical quality according to the pressure of use by maca crops. As well as the best physicochemical indicators predictive of changes in the composition of bacterial communities.

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