Bioherbicida a partir de extracto fenólico obtenido de residuos de almazaras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2019.04.06Keywords:
fenol, bioherbicida, alpechín, germinación, fitotoxicidad.Abstract
El uso de herbicidas sintéticos ha demostrado tener efectos nocivos en el medio ambiente y en la salud humana. Una alternativa al uso de estos compuestos sintéticos es el desarrollo de pesticidas derivados de principios activos, encontrados en plantas o metabolitos secundarios provenientes de microorganismos, que presenten propiedades fitotóxicas, pero de poca o nula toxicidad en mamíferos y utilizables en agricultura orgánica. En este contexto, el presente trabajo analizó la capacidad bioherbicida de un extracto fenólico obtenido de alpechín, que es un residuo líquido de producido en la obtención de aceite de oliva. El efecto fitotóxico fue evaluado a través de pruebas de germinación de semillas de trigo (Triticum aestivum). La efectividad del extracto fenólico fue comparada con un herbicida comercial cuyo principio activo es Simazina. Los resultados muestran que a concentraciones de 100 ppm (equivalentes de ácido gálico) aproximadamente el 10% de las semillas germinan. Las pruebas a concentraciones de 480 y 1050 ppm inhiben todas las etapas de la germinación. A diferencia de las pruebas con el extracto fenólico, el herbicida comercial no detiene la emergencia radicular en las semillas. Sin embargo, ellas aparecen con deformaciones y no logran desarrollarse de manera normal.
Author Biographies
Juan Guevara, Universidad Católica del Maule.
Claudia Narváez, Universidad Católica del Maule.
Aurora Marín, Universidad Católica del Maule.
Javiera Gutiérrez, Universidad Católica del Maule.
Constanza Troncoso, Universidad Católica del Maule.
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Received May 3, 2019.
Accepted October 31, 2019.
Corresponding author: jguevara@ucm.cl (J. Guevara).
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