Caracterización composicional y estructural de once tipos de biomasa lignocelulósica y su potencial aplicación en la obtención de nanopolisacáridos y producción de polihidroxialcanoatos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2024.038Palabras clave:
economía circular, biorefinería, residuos agrícolas, residuos agroindustriales, carbohidratos estructurales, cromatografía líquida de alta resolución, biopolímerosResumen
La valorización y utilización de la biomasa lignocelulósica proveniente del procesamiento de alimentos para la obtención de productos con valor añadido es crucial para mejorar la sostenibilidad y reducir costos de gestión de residuos, permitiendo transformar los desechos agroindustriales en recursos valiosos, contribuyendo a la economía circular. Este estudio se enfocó en la caracterización composicional y estructural de once tipos de biomasa lignocelulósica (BLC) con el fin de evaluar su potencial en la producción de nanopolisacáridos y polihidroxialcanoatos. Se analizaron parámetros como humedad, ceniza, proteínas, extractivos, carbohidratos estructurales y lignina en cáscaras de maracuyá, brácteas de alcachofa, cáscaras de espárrago, limón, naranja, semilla de palta, papa, yuca, bagazo de caña de azúcar, cáscara de arroz y paja de arroz. Los resultados mostraron que las cáscaras de frutas y otros residuos presentaron un alto contenido de extractivos (28,05%), mientras que el contenido de lignina y carbohidratos estructurales varió entre 69,66% y 30,53% y 22,2% y 8,84%, respectivamente. Además de la caracterización, se exploró el potencial de esta BLC para la producción de biopolímeros, destacando su relevancia en diversas industrias como la alimentaria y la ingeniería de materiales. En este sentido, estos hallazgos subrayan la importancia de utilizar recursos naturales locales de forma sostenible, abriendo nuevas oportunidades para desarrollar aplicaciones innovadoras como emulsiones pickering, envases biodegradables, aerogeles, hidrogeles y alimentos funcionales. Estas aplicaciones representan áreas prometedoras para futuras investigaciones y desarrollo tecnológico.
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