Maduración postcosecha de Pouteria lucuma: Efecto de las condiciones de almacenamiento en los componentes fisicoquímicos, metabolitos y capacidad antioxidante e hipoglucemiante

Marianela Inga; Ana  Aguilar-Galvez; David  Campos

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.045

Autores/as

Marianela Inga Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias. Av. La Molina s/n, Lima. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9677-5446
Ana Aguilar-Galvez Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Instituto de Biotecnología. Av. La Molina s/n, Lima. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-5114
David Campos Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Instituto de Biotecnología. Av. La Molina s/n, Lima. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-1187

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.045

Palabras clave:

GC-MS, IC50, ácido ascórbico, α-amilasa, α-glucosidasa, propiedades funcionales, maduración postcosecha

Resumen

Condiciones inadecuadas de almacenamiento pueden afectar las características sensoriales, fisicoquímicos y propiedades funcionales en frutos tropicales como Pouteria lúcuma; que es una fruta climatérica, de aroma y sabor agradable; siendo el Perú el principal productor y exportador de esta fruta, no se han estudiado condiciones de almacenamiento postcosecha que permitan mantener sus propiedades. El objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto de las condiciones de almacenamiento sobre los principales componentes fisicoquímicos, metabolitos primarios y secundarios, capacidad antioxidante e hipoglucemiante durante la maduración postcosecha, en dos condiciones de almacenamiento: ambiente (29 °C y 70% HR) y cámara climatizada (15 °C y 90% HR). Con relación a las características fisicoquímicas, el estado de madurez influyó en la acidez, pH, azúcares reductores, almidón, fibra dietaría, firmeza, color de pulpa y epicarpio. En almacenamiento en cámara climatizada, la glucosa es el único metabolito que se incrementó; mientras que la fructosa, los azúcares alcohol y los aminoácidos (Ala y Val), presentan valores superiores en condiciones ambientales; la sacarosa, ácidos orgánicos, aminoácidos (Tyr, Glu, Asp y Thr), β-caroteno, compuestos fenólicos totales y carotenoides totales no fueron afectadas por el tipo de almacenamiento. La medida de la capacidad antioxidante e hipoglucemiante disminuyeron significativamente (p < 0,05), mostrando ser afectadas solo por el estado de madurez. El estudio del perfil de carotenoides en función de su espectro (UV-vis) mostró presencia del grupo de las xantofilas. Los resultados indicarían que el estado de madurez respecto a la condición de almacenamiento tuvo efecto sobre la mayoría de los cambios estudiados.

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