Composición bacteriana en suelos de cultivo de maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) analizada mediante metagenómica: un estudio en los Andes centrales del Perú

María  Custodio; Fisher  Huaraca-Meza; Richard  Peñaloza; Juan C.  Alvarado-Ibañez; Heidi  De la Cruz-Solano

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.020

Autores/as

María Custodio Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Centro de Investigación en Medicina de Altura y Medio Ambiente, Av. Mariscal Castilla N° 3909-4089, Huancayo
Fisher Huaraca-Meza Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Centro de Investigación en Medicina de Altura y Medio Ambiente, Av. Mariscal Castilla N° 3909-4089, Huancayo
Richard Peñaloza Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Centro de Investigación en Medicina de Altura y Medio Ambiente, Av. Mariscal Castilla N° 3909-4089, Huancayo
Juan C. Alvarado-Ibañez Universidad Nacional Intercultural “Fabiola Salazar Leguía” de Bagua, Jr. Comercio N° 128, Bagua
Heidi De la Cruz-Solano Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Centro de Investigación en Medicina de Altura y Medio Ambiente, Av. Mariscal Castilla N° 3909-4089, Huancayo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.020

Palabras clave:

composición bacteriana, suelo, secuenciación illumina, Lepidium meyenii, maca

Resumen

El cambio e intensificación de uso del suelo ha dado lugar al empobrecimiento de los suelos con efectos negativos en las comunidades biológicas. Se analizó la composición bacteriana de suelos de cultivo de maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp) mediante secuenciación Illumina en la meseta de Bombón, durante el año 2019. Se definieron tres sectores de muestreo, un sector control (suelo natural) y dos sectores con presión de uso (suelos “primer uso” y “segundo uso”, respecto al cultivo de maca). Se determinaron los indicadores fisicoquímicos del suelo mediante métodos analíticos y la composición de las comunidades bacterianas mediante secuenciación Illumina de los amplicones del gen de ARNr 16S. Los resultados de pH y CE, en suelos control y con presión de uso, variaron de 7,51 a 4,53 y de 0,06 a 0,47 dS/m, respectivamente. Los contenidos más altos MO, N, P, K y Ca se registraron en los suelos control disminuyendo significativamente en suelos con presión de uso. El análisis de componentes principales (ACP) presentó un porcentaje de variación total del 97,1 %. La secuenciación Illumina reveló 3776 familias bacterianas. El análisis SIMPER mostró que los mayores porcentajes de contribución lo realizaron las familias Acidobacteriaceae (2,95%), Verrucomicrobiaceae (2,68%), Thermoactinomycetaceae (2,11%) y Akkermansiaceae (2,10%). El análisis de redundancia (AR) mostró una buena asociación entre las variables fisicoquímicas y las familias bacterianas. El análisis metagenómico ha permitido identificar familias bacterianas que pueden ser usadas como indicadores de buena y mala calidad fisicoquímica del suelo según presión de uso por cultivos de maca; así como, a los mejores indicadores fisicoquímicos predictores de los cambios de la composición de las comunidades bacterianas.

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