Actividad fungistática y fungicida de compuestos bioactivos sobre el crecimiento in vitro de Moniliophthora roreri
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2026.02.04Palabras clave:
Moniliasis del cacao, Metabolitos secundarios, ácidos fenólicos, flavonoides, β-carotenoResumen
La moniliasis del cacao, causada por Moniliophthora roreri, es una de las principales limitantes en la producción de cacao en Latinoamérica. El control basado en prácticas culturales y fungicidas sintéticos puede resultar costoso y con riesgos ambientales y para la salud. Este estudio evaluó in vitro la actividad antifúngica de los compuestos bioactivos (CB), ácido benzoico (ABE), ácido gálico (AGA), catequina (CAT), quercetina (QUE) y β-caroteno (BCA), además de una mezcla (MIX) entre ellos. Se evaluaron tres concentraciones (500, 1000 y 2000 mg L⁻¹) sobre el crecimiento micelial de M. roreri. Se realizó un ANDEVA con prueba de Tukey (α = 0,05) y un análisis de componentes principales (ACP). Los resultados mostraron que el ABE fue más eficiente, con efecto fungicida a partir de 1000 mg L⁻¹ y un IC₅₀ < 500 mg L⁻¹). El BCA y el AGA presentaron efectos fungistáticos dosis-dependientes. La CAT evidenció un comportamiento hormético, mientras que la MIX no mostró efectos sinérgicos. El ABE y BCA destacan como candidatos prometedores para el desarrollo de biofungicidas contra M. roreri.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Dario De la Cruz-Ricardez, Luz del Carmen Lagunes-Espinoza, Carlos Fredy Ortiz García, Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández, Edith Hernández-Nataren
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