Valorización de residuos de comida mediante potencial bioquímico de metano
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2025.01.02Palabras clave:
Biogás, BMP, economía circular, residuos de alimentos, revalorización de residuosResumen
Los residuos de alimentos (FW) son materiales desechados en las cadenas de producción, suministro y distribución de productos destinados al consumo humano. La digestión anaeróbica (DA) se ha consolidado como una práctica clave dentro de la economía circular, transformando estos residuos en biogás y fertilizantes orgánicos. Para evaluar la viabilidad de diferentes sustratos en procesos de DA, se utiliza ampliamente la metodología del potencial bioquímico de metano (BMP). Sin embargo, los resultados de BMP pueden variar significativamente debido a las condiciones experimentales y la heterogeneidad de los residuos. Este estudio presenta una revisión bibliométrica y sistemática de la literatura publicada entre 2019 y 2024 sobre el uso de BMP en la valorización de FW, analizando las variaciones en las metodologías y los factores que afectan los resultados experimentales. De un total de 497 estudios identificados, 34 fueron seleccionados para un análisis detallado. Los hallazgos ofrecen una visión integral de las tendencias actuales en la investigación, subrayando la necesidad de estandarizar metodologías y condiciones experimentales para obtener resultados más consistentes y replicables. Además, se identifican barreras y oportunidades para optimizar la eficiencia y sostenibilidad de los procesos de DA, con implicaciones para investigaciones futuras y su implementación a gran escala en la gestión de residuos.
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