Caracterización morfológica por microscopía electrónica de barrido de nanocelulosas de cáscara de sandía (Citrullus lanatus)

Diana  García; Javier S.  Cordova-Ramos; Silvia  Pilco-Quesada; Jorge  Jave; Alfonso  Ruiz

doi:10.17268/agroind.sci.2021.02.03

Autores/as

Diana García Escuela de Ingeniería de Industrias Alimentarias. Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura. Universidad Peruana Unión. Carretera central km 19.5. Lima.
Javier S. Cordova-Ramos Escuela de Ciencia de los Alimentos. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Av. Universitaria /Calle Germán Amézaga 375, Lima
Silvia Pilco-Quesada Escuela de Ingeniería de Industrias Alimentarias. Facultad de Ingeniería y Arquitectura. Universidad Peruana Unión. Carretera central km 19.5. Lima
Jorge Jave Escuela de Ciencia de los Alimentos. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Av. Universitaria /Calle Germán Amézaga 375, Lima
Alfonso Ruiz Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial. Universidad Nacional de Huancavelica. Av. Común Era. Acobamba

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/agroind.sci.2021.02.03

Palabras clave:

nanocelulosa, celulosa, imágenes SEM, morfología, cáscara de sandía

Resumen

La cáscara de sandía (Citrullus lanatus) es un residuo agrícola abundante, disponible y muy poco utilizable. Los objetivos fueron aislar la nanocelulosa a partir de la corteza de sandía y obtener sus imágenes de morfología a través de microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Primero, se realizó un tratamiento alcalino con hidróxido de potasio al 5% (p/v); segundo, las fibras fueron blanqueadas con tampón de acetato glacial y clorito de sodio a 80 °C durante 4 horas; y finalmente se realizó la hidrólisis con ácido sulfúrico a diferentes concentraciones (50%, 60% y 70%, v/v) y tiempos de hidrólisis (20, 30 y 40 minutos), a 45 °C en agitación constante. Por último, las nanocelulosas obtenidas fueron observadas a través del SEM. El contenido de lignina, celulosa, hemicelulosa, ceniza y humedad de la harina de cáscara de sandía fueron 10,00 ± 0,48%; 46,00 ± 0,15%; 23,00 ± 0,85%; 15,00 ± 0,26% y 10,30 ± 0,70%, respectivamente. El máximo rendimiento obtenido de nanocelulosa fue 64,96%, a 60% de ácido sulfúrico y 30 minutos de hidrólisis. La morfología de las nanocelulosas se observó mejor a 200 μm que a 100 μm. Las fibras de nanocelulosa estuvieron más expuestas y mejor distribuidas a 200 μm.

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