Efecto del cadmio en el contenido de pigmentos fotosintéticos, estructura de la raíz, y concentración de nutrientes en plantas de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Paulina Beatriz  Gutiérrez-Martínez; Blanca Catalina  Ramírez-Hernández; Marcela Mariel  Maldonado-Villegas

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2024.035

Autores

Paulina Beatriz Gutiérrez-Martínez Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zapopan, Jalisco, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3684-0576
Blanca Catalina Ramírez-Hernández Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zapopan, Jalisco, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0576-8997
Marcela Mariel Maldonado-Villegas Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Zapopan, Jalisco, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0483-6951

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2024.035

Palavras-chave:

toxicidad, tejidos, fotosíntesis, metales pesados, sinergismo, antagonismo

Resumo

El cadmio es un contaminante que causa daños a los organismos, en plantas provoca un retraso en el crecimiento, altera la función fotosintética y la concentración de nutrientes. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la influencia del Cd (0, 0,25, 0,50 y 1 µM) en el contenido de clorofila, daño estructural a la raíz, y la absorción y translocación de nutrientes (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, Fe y Zn) en plantas de Phaseolus vulgaris var. Opus. Se observó un incremento en la clorofila a en concentraciones de 0,25 y 1 µM de Cd, la clorofila b aumentó en los tres tratamientos con Cd y el contenido de carotenoides disminuyó en todos los tratamientos. Las raíces mostraron daño estructural por el incremento del Cd. Con relación a los nutrientes, el Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn en hoja y el K en tallo aumentaron sus concentraciones al incrementar la dosis de Cd; contrariamente el K en raíz disminuyó al aumentar las concentraciones de Cd; para el caso del Fe disminuyó respecto al tratamiento control en todos los órganos evaluados. Nuestros resultados sugieren que el estrés por el Cd a bajas concentraciones estimula la síntesis de clorofila, además las diferentes concentraciones de este contaminante, provoca sinergismos y antagonismos en los diferentes órganos de P. vulgaris, lo que conlleva a desórdenes nutricionales. Al ser un cultivo de importancia mundial, investigar los mecanismos moleculares y transportadores de membrana en raíces de P. vulgaris expuestas al Cd, es importante para mejorar su resistencia al Cd.

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