Biocarbón derivado de excretas porcinas con capacidad de disminuir la disponibilidad de Pb en suelos agrícolas contaminados
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.050Palavras-chave:
excretas porcinas, biocarbón, disponibilidad de Pb, suelo contaminado, bioremediaciónResumo
El uso de enmiendas orgánicas mejora la calidad y aumenta la fertilidad de los suelos debido a sus propiedades de adsorción, estimula el ciclo de nutrientes y puede usarse para reducir la disponibilidad de metales pesados. El principal objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el efecto del biocarbón (BC) derivado de las excretas porcinas sobre la disponibilidad de Pb en un suelo agrícola contaminado y encalado. Se aplicó un diseño experimental aleatorizado, las excretas de cerdo se secaron a temperatura ambiente (23 °C) y se pirolizaron a 500 °C durante 2 h. Se aplicaron dosis del 5%, 10% y 20% de BC a los suelos contaminados con Pb (165,7 mg/kg), que se dispusieron en macetas de 2 kg con excepción de la muestra control, y posteriormente se cultivó Lactuca sativa para evaluar la disponibilidad de Pb. Los resultados indicaron una mejora en la calidad del suelo a dosis más altas de BC, aumento de 0,34 unidades de pH, disminución de Pb extraído por EDTA (27% a 62% de disminución) y contenido no significativo de Pb en lixiviados (< 1 mg Pb/L) y sin detección en raíces de plantas (< 0,01 mg/kg), excepto para la planta de control (0,7 mg Pb/kg) en el suelo original. Se obtuvo un modelo relacional logarítmico entre la dosis de BC y el Pb adsorbido en el suelo (R2 = 0,9938, p < 0,05) que muestra que la disminución de la disponibilidad de Pb en el suelo aumentó para dosis más altas de BC, lo que representa una alternativa de remediación ecológica. Se recomienda investigar las relaciones de interacción entre los parámetros de calidad del suelo y establecer modelos funcionales de bioacumulación y metal extraíble del suelo enmendado.
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