Evaluación del índice de estrés hídrico de cultivos (IEHC) en ají (Capsicum) bajo riego por goteo en las condiciones áridas de la costa norte del Perú

M.  Duran; F. L.  Ramos; R.  Alvarado; L.  Altamirano

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.052

Autores/as

M. Duran Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria. Lima https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5077-7350
F. L. Ramos Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Lima http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-7188
R. Alvarado Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria. Lima https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-5877
L. Altamirano Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina. Lima https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7688-598X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.052

Palabras clave:

CWSI, Ají, riego por goteo, estrés hídrico, temperatura de la hoja.

Resumen

A medida que disminuye el agua de riego, la transpiración del cultivo disminuye, resultando en un incremento de la temperatura foliar y un aumento del índice de estrés hídrico del cultivo (IEHC). Por ello, en el estudio, se evaluó la respuesta del Capsicum a diferentes regímenes de riego, con mediciones periódicas de la temperatura de la hoja, la conductancia estomática y la estimación del IEHC. Los tratamientos consistieron en un riego por goteo completo (RO) y riego con déficit (RD-78 y RD-58) que recibieron el 78% y 58% del riego completo, aplicándose un volumen total de agua de 3363, 2618 y 1956 m³ ha^-1 para RO, RD-78 y RD-58, respectivamente; and obteniéndose rendimientos máximos de 30,2, 13,9 y 12,9 t ha^-1 con IEHC de 0,50, 0,62 y 0,54 en C. bacatum, C. annumm y C. chinense, respectivamente. Los mayores valores de conductancia estomática variaron de 724 a 887 mmol s^-1 m^-2, con IEHC de 0,1 a 0,3. El valor IEHC de 0,3 (humedad del suelo del 25% al 33%), resulta en un buen indicador del momento del riego, criterio a incorporar con la finalidad de ahorrar agua y mejorar la gestión de programas de riego del Capsicum.

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