El cambio climático en los andes y su impacto en la agricultura: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.012Palabras clave:
sistemas agrícolas, vulnerabilidad, glaciares, erosión, modelo climático, servicio hidrológicoResumen
En los últimos años, la agricultura de los Andes ha mostrado mayor sensibilidad al cambio climático, favoreciendo procesos de erosión del suelo, retroceso de glaciares, pérdida de cobertura vegetal, incremento en la intensidad de lluvias y alteración en la dinámica de los cultivos de la región como: papa, quinua, maíz, entre otros. Lo que motivó que, muchos autores desarrollen simulaciones de modelos regionales para estimar el índice de vulnerabilidad de estos sistemas agrícolas ante estos eventos climáticos, permitiéndoles otorgar una data climatológica más confiable en presencia de vientos cálidos y secos. En el presente artículo de revisión, se detallan los principales aportes brindados por diversos investigadores respecto al impacto del cambio climático en la agricultura andina. Según los antecedentes recopilados se concluye que, el cambio climático en los Andes provocará que países como Brasil, Bolivia, Ecuador, Venezuela, Guyana y Colombia, incrementen su temperatura local, potencial de evapotranspiración y escasez de agua, ocasionando la pérdida de cultivos importantes como el arroz. En contraste, países como Perú, Argentina, Chile, Bolivia y Uruguay registrarán temperaturas más bajas que afectarán su producción y rendimiento en cultivos como la quinua, papa, tarwi, entre otros.
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