Hongos fitopatógenos foliares asociados al cultivo de Prunus persica L.: Identificación morfológica y molecular, y control biológico con Trichoderma asperelloides

Ángel Ceballos-Chávez; Fernando Valenzuela Escoboza; Quintín Ayala Armenta; Everardo López Bautista; Héctor Márquez Lujan; Blanca López-Valenzuela

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2025.013

Authors

Ángel Ceballos-Chávez Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Facultad de Agricultura del Valle del Fuerte, Sinaloa, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8332-0389
Fernando Valenzuela Escoboza Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Facultad de Agricultura del Valle del Fuerte, Sinaloa, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6203-1695
Quintín Ayala Armenta Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Facultad de Agricultura del Valle del Fuerte, Sinaloa, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8083-4261
Everardo López Bautista Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Facultad de Agricultura del Valle del Fuerte, Sinaloa, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0111-3683
Héctor Márquez Lujan Universidad Tecnológica de la Babícora, Departamento de Agricultura Sustentable y Protegida, Chihuahua, México. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8358-4715
Blanca López-Valenzuela Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Facultad de Agricultura del Valle del Fuerte, Sinaloa, México. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6383-6145

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2025.013

Keywords:

Molecular analysis, biocontrol, plant confrontation, fungus, identification, T. asperelloides

Abstract

The presence of foliar phytopathogenic fungi causes severe damage to leave and fruits of peach (Prunus persica L.), in producing areas of southern Chihuahua, Mexico, which has caused a decrease in production by 30%. The objective of this work was to identify morphologically and molecularly the foliar phytopathogenic fungi associated with the peach tree crop, evaluating the pathogenicity in one-year-old plants against Trichoderma asperelloides. Leaves with brown and brown lesions were collected from mummified fruits on the plant from 19 commercial peach orchards distributed in three municipalities of regional and national production in the State of Chihuahua, Mexico. Fungal identification of four representative isolates was performed using morphological methods. characterization and phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 and ITS4) of ribosomal DNA, part of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF) a second secondary primer for each of the genera for, Collectotrichum ACT-512F and ACT-583R, Fusarium with EF1. For plant confrontations, a concentration of 1x10⁶ conidia was inoculated. mL-1 of pathogens such as T. asperelloides, evaluating leaf diameter and length, height, severity and incidence. It was possible to identify the presence of Fusarium sambucinum, Collectotrichum gleosporoides and Monilinia frutícola, in addition the B-F-M1-A2-ACCH-3 strain of F. Sambucinum obtained the highest values in the inhibition of the response variables and in severity Monilinia frutícola presented 61.23% as the highest value. It is recommended to use strain 3 as a biological control of foliar phytopathogens.

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