Construcción de un índice integral basado en macroinvertebrados para determinar la calidad del agua con influencia agroindustrial

Michael Niño-de-Guzman Tito; Jesús Manuel Vásquez-Ramos

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.010

Authors

Michael Niño-de-Guzman Tito Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Perú
Jesús Manuel Vásquez-Ramos Universidad de los Llanos, Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.010

Keywords:

Bio-evaluation, bioindicator, abiotic gradient, biological metrics, anthropogenic pressures

Abstract

The physicochemical and biological indices have been used in isolation; if the parameters of these indices were applied in an integrated manner, they would bring together in a single measure the functional and structural variability of the biotic and abiotic components of water quality. The aim of this study was to build a comprehensive water quality index. Eleven sampling points were selected considering different degrees of agro-industrial intervention. 21 abiotic variables and 27 biological metrics were measured. Macroinvertebrates were quantitatively collected and identified to family taxonomic level. Using Principal Component Analysis, after standardization and exclusion of uncorrelated variables (VIF ≤ 10), the abiotic gradient was determined, which represented the abiotic variables that explained the disturbances in the water; with the abiotic gradient and the biological metrics, a Pearson correlation was performed, and those biological metrics that presented a high and non-redundant correlation were selected (Pearson 0.6 ≤ r ≤ 0.8); with the selected biological metrics, we proceeded to formulate and categorize the index; finally, by means of simple linear regression, the proposed index was compared with five other indexes (ICA, ICOMO, EPT, BMWP/col. and ASPT). The results showed that the abiotic gradient was defined by CP 1 which explained 65.5% of the accumulated variance, represented by altitude (r = 0.411), iron (r = 0.345) and dissolved oxygen (r = 0.329). The biological metrics used for the index design were: % scrapers, % swimmers, NEF of order 2, Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera tolerance. It was concluded that the integral index presents a higher predictive level (R²= 0.87) of water quality, compared to the other indices: ASPT (R²= 0.79), BMWP/col. (R²= 0.68), EPT (R²= 0.61), ICOMO (R²= 0.35) and ICA (R²= 0.27).

References

Alba-Tercedor, J. (1996). Macroinvertebrados acuáticos y calidad de las aguas de los ríos. Memorias del IV Simposio el agua en Andalucía. Siaga, 2, 202-2013.

Álvarez, L. (2005). Metodologías para la utilización de los macroinvertebrados acuáticos como indicadores de la calidad del agua. Instituto de investigación de recursos biológicos Alexander von Humboldt. Bogotá, Colombia.

Arman, N., Salmiati, S., Said, M., & Aris, A. (2019). Development of macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index and establishment of biocriteria for river health assessment in Malaysia. Ecological Indicators, 104, 449-458.

Baptista, D., Souza, R., Vieira, C., Mugnai, R., Souza, A., & Oliveira, R. (2011). Multimetric index for assessing ecological condition of running waters in the upper reaches of the Piabanha-Paquequer-Preto Basin, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Zoología, 28(5), 619–628.

Casatti, L., & Teresa, F. (2012). A multimetric index based on fish fauna for the evaluation of the biotic integrity of streams at a mesohabitat scale. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 24(4), 339–350.

Couceiro, S., Hamada, N., Forsberg, B., Pimentel, T., & Luz, S. (2012). A macroinvertebrate multimetric index to evaluate the biological condition of streams in the Central Amazon region of Brazil. Ecological Indicators, 18, 118–125.

Domínguez, E., & Fernandéz, H. (2009). Macroinvertebrados bentónicos sudamericanos. Fund. Miguel Lillo. San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.

Ertaş, A., Yorulmaz, B., & Sukatar, A. (2022). Comparative analysis of biotic indices for assessment of water quality of Balaban Stream in West Anatolia, Turkey. Biología, 77, 721–730.

Fierro, P., Arismendi, I., Hughes, R., Valdovinos, C., & Jara-Flores, A. (2018). A benthic macroinvertebrate multimetric index for Chilean Mediterranean streams. Ecological Indicators, 91, 13-23.

Forero, L., Longo, M., Ramírez, J., & Chalar, G. (2014). Índice de calidad ecológica con base en macroinvertebrados acuáticos para la cuenca del Río Negro (ICERN-MAE), Colombia. Biología Tropical, 62(2), 233-247.

Gabriels, W., Lock, K., De Pauw, N., & Goethals, P. (2010). Multimetric Macroinvertebrate Index Flanders (MMIF) for biological assessment of rivers and lakes in Flanders (Belgium). Limnologica - Ecology and Management of Inland Waters, 40, 199-207.

Hamada, N., Nessimian, J., & Barbosa-Querino, R. (2019). Insectos aquáticos na Amazonia brasileira taxonomía, biología e ecología. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia. Instituto Nacional de Pesquería de la Amazonía. Manaus-AM, Brasil.

Helson, J., & Williams, D. (2013). Development of a macroinvertebrate multimetric index for the assessment of low-land streams in the neotropics. Ecological Indicators, 29, 167-178.

Hernández-Mira, F., Rosas-Acevedo, J., Reyes-Umaña, M., Violante-González, J., Sigarreta-Almira, J., & Vakhania N. (2021). Multimetric Index to Evaluate Water Quality in Lagoons: A Biological and Geomorphological Approach. Sustainability, 13, 4631.

IANAS. (2019). Calidad del agua en las américas riesgos y oportunidades. Red interamericana de academias de ciencias. Ciudad de México, México.

Jun, Y., Won, D., Lee, S., Kong, D., & Hwang, S. (2012). A multimetric benthic macroinvertebrate index for the assessment of stream biotic integrity in Korea. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 9(10), 3599–3628.

Li, Ruqiang Z., Jin Y., Qiuwen C., Mengnan H., & Jun W. (2021). A method to determine water quality categories based on biotic index of macroinvertebrates in the Yangtze River Delta. Ecological Informatics, 66, 101484.

Macedo, D., Hughes, R., Ferreira, W., Firmiano, K., Silva, D., Ligeiro, R., & Callisto, M. (2016). Development of a benthic macroinvertebrate multimetric index (MMI) for Neotropical Savanna headwater streams. Ecological Indicators, 64, 132–141.

Maroñas, M., Marzoratti, G., Vilches, A., Legarralde, T., & Darrigran, G. (2010). Guía para el estudio de macroinvertebrados II. Introducción a la metodologia de muestreo y análisis de datos. ProBiota, 12, 1-34

Nguyen, H., Everaert, G., Gabriels, W., Hoang, T., & Goethals, P. (2014). A multimetric macroinvertebrate index for assessing the water quality of the Cau river basin in Vietnam. Limnologica, 45, 16-23.

Prat, N., Ríos, B., Acosta, R., & Rieradevall, M. (2009). Los macroinvertebrados como indicadores de calidad de las aguas. Fund. Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina.

R Development Core Team. (2016). Introducción a R Notas sobre R: Un entorno de programación para Análisis de Datos y Gráficos. [Versión 1.0.1].

Rivera-Usme, J., Pinilla-Agudelo, G., & Camacho-Pinzón, D. (2013). Macroinvertebrate Trophic Groups in an Andean Wetland of Colombia. Acta Biológica Colombiana, 18(2), 279–292.

Roldán, G., & Ramírez, J. (2008). Fundamentos de limnología neotropical. Fondo Editorial Universidad Católica de Oriente, Fondo Editorial Universidad Católica de Oriente. Antioquía, Colombia.

Roldán, G. (2016). Los macroinvertebrados como bioindicadores de la calidad del agua: cuatro décadas de desarrollo en Colombia y Latinoamérica. Revista de la academia colombiana de ciencias exactas, Físicas y naturales, 40(155), 254–274.

Rueda-Sevilla, J., & Hernández-Villar, R. (2009). Atlas fotográfico de los invertebrados acuáticos de la cuenca del Río Júcar en la provincia de Albacete. Instituto de estudios albacetences. Abastece, España.

Saal, I., Bouchelouche D., Hamache C. et al. (2021). Evaluation of the surface water quality in the Kebir-Rhumel catchment area (northeast Algeria) using biotic indices and physico-chemical analyses. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 28, 46565–46579.

Schoolmaster, D., Grace, J., & Schweiger, W. (2012). A general theory of multimetric indices and their properties. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3(4), 773–781.

Shiyun, C., Gong, Y., Wang, H., Zheng, J., Hu, J., & Dong, F. (2017). A pilot macroinvertebrate-based multimetric index (MMI-CS) for assessing the ecological status of the Chishui River basin, China. Ecological Indicators, 83, 84-95.

Touron-Poncet, H., Bernadet, C., Compin, A., Bargier, N., & Céréghino, R. (2014). Implementing the Water Framework Directive in overseas Europe: A multimetric macroinvertebrate index for river bioassessment in Caribbean islands. Limnologica, 47, 34-43.

Vera-Sánchez, D., & Pinilla-Agudelo. (2020). Aproximación preliminar a un índice multimétrico de macroinvertebrados (IMARBO) para evaluar el estado ecológico de ríos de las cuencas alta y media del río Chicamocha en Boyacá, Colombia. Gestión y Ambiente, 23(1), 37-55.

Villamizar, M., Arenas, R., Gamarra, Y., Cerón, A., Restrepo, R., & Bernal, J. (2019). Calidad de agua de la quebrada Mamarramos. Santuario de Flora y Fauna Iguaque, Colombia. Tecnología y ciencias del agua, 10(6), 90-116.

Yorulmaz, B., & Ertaş, A. (2021). Water quality assessment of Selendi Stream and comparative performance of the indices based on benthic macroinvertebrates and physicochemical parameters. Biología, 76, 2599–2607.