Uso de coberturas vegetales en el manejo sostenible del suelo asociado al cultivo de maíz amiláceo (Zea mays L.)

S.  Sanabria Quispe; K.  Mendoza Dávalos; S.  Sangay-Tucto; R. C.  Cosme De La Cruz

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.036

Authors

S. Sanabria Quispe Programa Presupuestal “Reducción de la Degradación de los Suelos Agrarios” Estación Experimental Agraria Canaán, Av. Abancay 299, Huamanga, Ayacucho. Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5329-1778
K. Mendoza Dávalos Programa Presupuestal “Reducción de la Degradación de los Suelos Agrarios” Estación Experimental Agraria Canaán, Av. Abancay 299, Huamanga, Ayacucho. Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7511-4617
S. Sangay-Tucto Dirección de Desarrollo Tecnológico Agrario, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima. Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9457-4838
R. C. Cosme De La Cruz Laboratorio Nacional de Suelos, Aguas y Foliares-LABSAF, Instituto Nacional de Innovación Agraria (INIA), Av. La Molina 1981, Lima. Perú. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5774-9325

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.036

Keywords:

vegetative cover, soil management, Trifolium spp, sustainability

Abstract

Soil is a living, dynamic entity and at the same time vulnerable to degradation, if it is not managed with sustainable practices, causing low crop yields. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of plant cover associated with the cultivation of corn on soil properties: bulk density, gravimetric moisture, soil pH and electrical conductivity, organic matter, estimation of nitrogen supply when leaf biomass is incorporated, and finally corn yield. The study was conducted under a randomized complete block experimental design with five treatments: corn without cover crop (control), corn with clover cover crop; corn with vetch cover crop; corn with vetch + oats cover crop and corn with dead cover crop (mulch). The results showed that corn associated with clover, vetch and mulch (dead cover) increased grain yield (kg.ha^-1) of corn by 44%, 37% and 38%, respectively, compared to planting corn without any type of cover. Likewise, the use of clover, vetch and vetch cover crops associated with oats increased soil organic matter and soil input by 253, 163 and 149 kg ha^-1 of nitrogen if the leaf biomass of the cover crops was incorporated into the soil. Therefore, the corn-clover association is the one that presents the best results to increase yields under sustainable soil management and agroecological principles.

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