Antimicrobianos en la salmonicultura global: Resistencia, efecto en la salud humana y medio ambiente, y perspectivas futuras
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2024.007Palabras clave:
antimicrobianos, cultivo salmón, mecanismos de resistencia, microbiota, sedimento marinoResumen
La salmonicultura frente a la resistencia de los antimicrobianos y los efectos sobre la salud humana y medio ambiente. Resumen: La presente revisión recopila y analiza estudios de los últimos 5 años sobre uso de antimicrobianos en la industria del salmón, efectos reportados en peces y seres humanos, y los impactos sobre el medio ambiente. Existe una creciente preocupación respecto al manejo actual de los planes terapéuticos veterinarios empleados para el tratamiento y control de infecciones bacterianas. Las principales problemáticas están relacionadas con el aumento en la resistencia hacia antimicrobianos por parte comunidades bacterianas patógenas y no patógenas, la transferencia horizontal de genes de resistencia entre células bacterianas y, un mayor número de casos de tratamientos médicos fallidos en poblaciones humanas y animales. Por lo tanto, los desafíos a futuro serán reducir la dependencia hacia los antimicrobianos en producciones animales mediante la investigación de tecnologías alternativas, la recopilación de información epidemiológica de sectores productivos que permitan realizar monitoreo detallado en las diferentes fases de cultivo, medidas de bioseguridad desde un enfoque de “One Health” y, una supervisión estricta en la formulación de medicamentos por parte de los profesionales en el área animal.
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