Avances recientes en el estudio de factores de estrés prefaenado sobre la calidad de la carne bovina, aviar y porcina
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2022.023Palabras clave:
bienestar animal, estrés, prefaenado, calidad de la carne, biomarcadoresResumen
El estrés en la etapa de prefaenado es un periodo crítico dentro de la cadena productiva al provocar pérdidas en el peso vivo del animal, afectaciones en el rendimiento y calidad de la canal y pérdida del bienestar animal debido a una alteración de homeóstasis del organismo por la exposición a situaciones estresantes. En la presente revisión se identifican y describen los factores estresores que se han reportado en los últimos 5 años como principales causas de deterioro de la calidad de la carne entre los cuales se incluyen actividades de manejo de los animales por parte del personal de granja o planta (transporte, carga y descarga, en planta de sacrificio), condiciones ambientales (temperatura, vibraciones), tiempo de espera previo al sacrificio y mezcla de lotes, periodo de ayuno de agua y comida, y estados de fatiga, así como los biomarcadores usados rutinariamente para el estudio de condiciones asociadas al estrés. Aunque las investigaciones sobre el tema son abundantes, aún no es totalmente claro los mecanismos bioquímicos involucrados en la obtención de ciertas características organolépticas de la carne con respecto a niveles de estrés y las variaciones individuales observables en diferentes grupos de animales, así mismo, se requiere mayor investigación en los biomarcadores de estrés que permitan una identificación y medición más específica, efectiva y no invasiva.
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