Vulnerabilidad de la quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) ante eventos de estrés ambiental en las regiones altoandinas del Perú

Kevin P.  Ccoyllar-Quintanilla; Ana F.  Zaravia-Povis; Arlitt A.  Lozano-Povis; José V.  Cornejo-Tueros

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.063

Autores/as

Kevin P. Ccoyllar-Quintanilla Universidad Continental, Campus Huancayo S.A.C. Av. San Carlos 1980 - Urb. San Antonio, Huancayo, Junín https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7074-8047
Ana F. Zaravia-Povis Universidad Continental, Campus Huancayo S.A.C. Av. San Carlos 1980 - Urb. San Antonio, Huancayo, Junín https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8643-0391
Arlitt A. Lozano-Povis Universidad Continental, Campus Huancayo S.A.C. Av. San Carlos 1980 - Urb. San Antonio, Huancayo, Junín https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6748-4367
José V. Cornejo-Tueros Universidad Continental, Campus Huancayo S.A.C. Av. San Carlos 1980 - Urb. San Antonio, Huancayo, Junín https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8233-858X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.063

Palabras clave:

quinua, rendimiento, vulnerabilidad, modelos climáticos, estrés ambiental

Resumen

La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd), es un cultivo agrícola que fue domesticado en los Andes del Perú y Bolivia, y que ha logrado producirse en cualquier tipo de suelo, caracterizándose por su alta cantidad de nutrientes y porque es una especie que llega a combatir los estreses abióticos como la sequía, la salinidad, entre otros. Por ejemplo, ante la sequía y altas temperaturas, este cultivo llega a ser muy tolerante pues ha demostrado que utiliza menores cantidades de agua y se adapta a las fluctuaciones del clima durante la producción de biomasa, lo que la convierte en una gran alternativa para regiones áridas y semiáridas. En ese sentido, el objetivo de este artículo de investigación fue determinar la vulnerabilidad del cultivo de la quinua ante eventos de estrés ambiental en las regiones altoandinas del Perú, mediante la elaboración y análisis del modelo de distribución actual y sus proyecciones futuras para el 2050 y 2070 en escenarios RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5 Y RCP 8.5 considerando sus puntos de presencia y los distintos bioclimas. Asimismo, determinar mediante el diagrama BAM las zonas óptimas para su desarrollo, teniendo en cuenta las variables abióticas, bióticas y accesibilidad. En conclusión, se obtuvo, que la quinua llega a ser muy tolerante a eventos de estrés abiótico como sequía y altas temperaturas; destacando como zonas óptimas para su desarrollo los departamentos de Puno, Apurímac, Ayacucho y Cuzco.

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