Coctel de bacteriófagos como sustituto de promotores de crecimiento tipo antibiótico en avicultura

C. E.  Honorio-Javes; Y.  Vallenas-Sánchez; J. T.  Bazán Pérez

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.054

Autores/as

C. E. Honorio-Javes Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8917-7085
Y. Vallenas-Sánchez Facultad de ciencias agrarias de la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego. Trujillo, Perú https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1262-5959
J. T. Bazán Pérez Alumna de IX ciclo, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1152-4080

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2021.054

Palabras clave:

microbiota intestinal, resistencia antimicrobiana, fago-resistencia, terapia de fagos, Salmonella spp., E. coli

Resumen

La industria avícola se ve en la obligación de encontrar alternativas que sustituyan a los promotores de crecimiento de tipo antibiótico para reducir la resistencia antimicrobiana. Entre dichas alternativas tenemos a los bacteriófagos que son los depredadores naturales de las bacterias; sin embargo, las investigaciones realizadas apuntan a su utilización como terapéuticos y no como promotores de crecimiento. Por tal motivo, el presente artículo de revisión se enfoca en discutir y proyectar el empleo de cocteles de bacteriófagos líticos como promotores de crecimiento en crianzas comerciales de pollos de engorde, gallinas de postura y codornices. Evaluando sus efectos sobre los parámetros productivos, su aplicación en agua de bebida y alimento, las estrategias de protección de fagos sobre los cambios de pH gastrointestinal y las altas temperaturas de peletización, estrategias contra la fago-resistencia, sus efectos sobre la microbiota intestinal, y el uso de autofagos versus los productos comerciales. Se concluye que la utilización óptima de bacteriófagos en avicultura comercial es mediante cocteles mixtos de autofagos líticos protegidos. Finalmente, se recomienda comparar el uso de cocteles mixtos de autofagos líticos con cocteles mixtos de fagos comerciales que existen en el mercado; adicionalmente, se debe evaluar la combinación de cocteles mixtos de autofagos líticos protegidos con otras alternativas como probióticos, prebióticos, aceites esenciales y ácidos orgánicos y comparar dicha combinación con el uso de antibióticos promotores de crecimiento.

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