HISTORIA EVOLUTIVA DE LOS GENES SOX DURANTE DEL PROCESO DE DUPLICACIÓN GÉNICA

Anthony Leon

Authors

Anthony Leon SARS International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology

Abstract

La familia de genes Sox codifica importantes factores de transcripción involucrados en las primeras etapas de desarrollo embrionario. Contienen una región conservada llamada caja HMG que es, al menos, 50% similar a la caja HMG del gen Sry. Se han propuesto diversos modelos filogenéticos que permitan una mejor comprensión de su evolución. Dichos modelos sugieren una posible aparición en el último ancestro común, así como una posterior divergencia en los metazoos tempranos debido a varios eventos de duplicación de genoma. Las copias duplicadas adquirieron nuevas funciones o pasaron por un proceso de sub-funcionalización que condujo a la aparición de nuevas subfamilias génicas en diferentes grupos animales. Aquí, revisamos el conocimiento actual sobre la familia de genes Sox, su evolución y sus funciones.

Palabras clave: Genes Sox, proteínas SOX, caja HMG, duplicación génica, filogenia.

Abstract

Sox gene family encodes important transcription factors involved in early stages of embryonic development. They contain a conserved region called HMG-box which is at least 50% similar to the HMG-box of Sry gene. Several phylogenetic models have been proposed for a better understanding of their evolution suggesting a possible emergence in the last common ancestor, and a posterior divergence in early metazoans due to several genome duplication events. Duplicated copies acquired new functions or went through sub-functionalization leading to the emergence of new gene sub-families in different animal clusters. Here, we review the current knowledge on Sox gene family, their evolution and their functions.

Keywords: Sox genes, SOX proteins, HMG-box, gene duplication, phylogeny.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/rebiol.2019.39.02.06

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