Microplásticos en el medio marino: una problemática que abordar
Palavras-chave:
plástico, microplásticos, organismos marinos, contaminaciónResumo
Los microplásticos han producido una creciente preocupación por parte de la comunidad científica y el público a nivel mundial. En las últimas décadas se ha comenzado a estudiar la verdadera implicancia que los microplásticos traen consigo en términos químicos, ecológicos y biológicos. En el presente artículo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre los microplásticos, su distribución en el medio marino, los impactos más relevantes en el ambiente y varias especies de organismos marinos, las metodologías de muestreo en las diversas matrices ambientales, métodos de separación y la identificación químico-analítica de los polímeros obtenidos para su correcta clasificación. Se concluye que todavía quedan muchos vacíos por llenar en cuanto a la información disponible y la estandarización de metodologías para el muestreo, extracción e identificación de microplásticos. Con el incremento de la producción de plásticos a nivel mundial y la escaza normativa existente, la problemática de los microplásticos continuará aseverándose.Referências
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