Comprehensive valorization of grape pomace: Challenges and opportunities across biorefineries, biomedicine, and sustainable biomaterials - A Scoping Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2026.57Keywords:
grape pomace, polyphenols, circular economy, antioxidants, biorefinery, bioactive compoundsAbstract
The wine industry generates significant volumes of grape pomace (Vitis vinifera), representing 20% - 30% of the processed biomass. Traditional disposal poses significant environmental and economic challenges, urging the adoption of Circular Economy strategies. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the phytochemical profile of grape pomace, deepening the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying its function as a powerful antioxidant (via metal chelation and radical scavenging) and anti-inflammatory agent (via NF-kappaB pathway inhibition). The industrial potential is broadly explored, extending beyond basic nutraceuticals and food fortification to encompass pharmaceuticals, high-end cosmeceuticals (for photo-aging and UV protection), and the creation of biodegradable biomaterials (active packaging). We discuss the feasibility of implementing an integral biorefinery model to extract high-purity molecules and utilize residual biomass for bioenergy. The primary findings of this scoping review indicate that both scientific output and market demand within the fields of grape pomace biorefinery and the circular economy are on an upward trajectory, increasingly targeting the nutraceutical, high-end pharmaceutical, and cosmetic sectors. Furthermore, the development and refinement of clean, high-purity extraction technologies render the implementation of pilot- and industrial-scale facilities feasible across both established and emerging economies. This analysis proposes a comprehensive valorization pathway to foster technological innovation and sustainable economic growth in the regional wine sector.
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