Diversidad genética y adaptativa del tomate silvestre (Solanum spp.) en tres cuencas de Lima: Identificación de recursos genéticos para la resiliencia al estrés abiótico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2026.53Palavras-chave:
tomate silvestre, resistencia abiótica, resistoma, resiliencia de cultivos, erosión genéticaResumo
Se caracterizó la biodiversidad del tomate silvestre en las cuencas de los ríos Lurín, Rímac y Chillón, en el valle de Lima, y se analizaron in silico cinco familias de genes de resistencia abiótica. El muestreo se realizó entre los 628 y 3694 m s. n. m., empleando reconocimiento taxonómico in situ, índices ecológicos y el perfilado bioinformático del “resistoma” de las familias de factores de transcripción DREB, NAC y MYB, cuyos perfiles se compararon con los de la especie comercial S. lycopersicum mediante la prueba exacta de Poisson con corrección de Holm. Se identificaron cuatro especies silvestres: S. corneliomulleri, S. habrochaites, S. pimpinellifolium y S. pennellii. El análisis ecológico reveló que la cuenca del Lurín presentó la mayor diversidad (H’ ≈ 1.07), mientras que la del Rímac se encontró empobrecida (H’ ≈ 0.20). Las comparaciones genómicas cuantificaron en S. lycopersicum una reducción del 45 % en los genes DREB y del 30% en los genes NAC respecto de S. pennellii, la especie con mayor repertorio en ambas familias. S. corneliomulleri destacó como potencial reservorio de resistencia abiótica con 3095 genes MYB, y S. pennellii mostró la mayor representación en las familias asociadas a salinidad y sequía. La diferenciación interespecífica se concentró en las dos familias vinculadas a la respuesta a sequía. Estos hallazgos identifican poblaciones silvestres de Lima como reservorios críticos para reintroducir resiliencia en el tomate cultivado frente al cambio climático y sus impactos sobre la seguridad alimentaria.
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