Enfoque metodológico para el aprovechamiento de mermas de transformación agrícola basado en manufactura esbelta: Caso de estudio en una finca cafetera en Colombia

Andres  Hualpa-Zúñiga; Heriberto  Felizzola-Jiménez; Carlos  Arango-Londoño; Jorge  Rangel-Díaz

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2024.028

Autores/as

Andres Hualpa-Zúñiga Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá, Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5232-6526
Heriberto Felizzola-Jiménez Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá, Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3149-8182
Carlos Arango-Londoño Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá, Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6026-3107
Jorge Rangel-Díaz Universidad de la Salle, Bogotá, Colombia. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7746-8232

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2024.028

Palabras clave:

agricultura esbelta, mermas de agricultura, mejora de procesos, proceso de transformación, compostaje

Resumen

Las mejoras en sistemas productivos que utilizan el enfoque de manufactura esbelta conocido como “Lean” tienen el objetivo de eliminar o reducir desperdicios o ineficiencias de proceso (muda). Este enfoque es adoptado por diferentes sectores industriales, entre ellos el agrícola de manera reciente. Aunque tradicionalmente se aplican mejoras Lean en procesos ya existentes desde el cultivo hasta la distribución, se dejan de lado oportunidades de intervención de pérdidas de procesamiento (mermas). Este artículo presenta un enfoque metodológico enmarcado en principios Lean, conformado por actividades orientadas al diseño de nuevos procesos que dan uso de las mermas generadas por cosecha y transformación agrícola. Se aplica el enfoque metodológico en una finca cafetera colombiana en la que se desarrollan procesos de transformación de café pergamino. Se diseña un proceso paralelo de compostaje de mermas que transforma granos defectuosos, verdes, sobremaduros, pulpa de café, mucilago y cascarilla. Los resultados demuestran que al aplicar el enfoque metodológico en la finca cafetera se logra un nivel de transformación de mermas del 86%. También se reducen las muda tanto para la línea actual de producción de café pergamino como la de compostaje al 35% y 50% respectivamente. Las principales muda reducidas son reprocesos y tiempos de espera. Finalmente se obtiene una reducción del 30,3% en el tiempo de actividades que no agregan valor haciendo de los procesos tanto actual como propuesto más eficientes y con mejores tiempos de entrega.

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