Revisión sistemática de la percepción de riesgo en agricultores ante la sequía: factores de influencia, contenidos percibidos, estrategias de adaptación y prácticas asociadas

Consuelo Suazo Muñoz; José Sandoval-Díaz

doi:10.17268/sci.agropecu.2023.013

Autores/as

Consuelo Suazo Muñoz Universidad del Bío-Bío (Proyecto UBB2095), Avenida Andrés Bello Nº 720, Chillán.
José Sandoval-Díaz Centro de Estudios Ñuble, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avenida Andrés Bello Nº 720, Chillán. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7247-7113

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2023.013

Palabras clave:

Agricultores, cambio climático, estrategias de adaptación, percepción de riesgo, sequía

Resumen

La sequía, es un evento climático extremo que genera grandes impactos y pérdidas en la agricultura, provocando el aumento de la inseguridad alimentaria global e insostenibilidad de medios de vida rurales. A partir de esto, el objetivo de la presente investigación fue realizar una revisión sistemática de los estudios empíricos que han reportado la relación entre percepción de riesgo y las estrategias de adaptación de agricultores ante la sequía. Para esto, la revisión siguió los lineamientos y recomendaciones de la declaración PRISMA. Las bases de datos consultadas fueron Web of Science, Scopus y EBSCO. En total, se revisaron 50 estudios empíricos, en español y en inglés, publicados entre los años 2010 y 2021, que cumplían con los criterios de selección. Los resultados destacan la presencia de distintos factores que influyen en la percepción de riesgo (años de experiencia, el nivel de escolaridad, entre otros) y sobre las estrategias de adaptación (tamaño de la finca, sexo, acceso a crédito, etc.). Por último, se identificaron los efectos de la sequía a nivel de cultivos, ganado, personales y ambientales. A modo de conclusión, discutimos sus implicaciones y limitaciones, relevando la ausencia de estudios en la región latinoamericana y en idioma español. Estudios futuros deben hacerse con una perspectiva basada en el lugar, bajo la cual se puedan reconocer saberes, creencias, prácticas y acciones adaptativas. Por otro lado, se deben proponer e implementar políticas y programas de mitigación ante en el cambio climático a escala local.

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