NOCIONES SOBRE LA ESTRUCTURA Y EVOLUCIÓN DEL SISTEMA NERVIOSO DE ALGUNOS INVERTEBRADOS
Resumen
Se describe la estructura general del sistema nervioso (SN) de algunos invertebrados, así como su conformación particular en algunos filos basales. Se estudia la estructura general de los mismos, comparándolas cuando es posible, y en algunos casos se aborda la anatomía e histología de órganos puntuales. Estos son de suma importancia para trazar la evolución del SN ya sea dentro de cada filo o entre los mismos. La anatomía e histología del SN de los invertebrados es muy dispar. Existen redes neurales difusas, ganglionadas o sistemas nerviosos centrales. Entre los últimos se presenta generalmente un cerebro anterior y dorsal, unido a una o más cuerdas nerviosas ventrales, macizas. Histológicamente poseen los cuerpos neuronales en la periferia de las masas nerviosas. A pesar de las diferencias entre ellos y con los vertebrados, y a través del análisis de estas estructuras y de los patrones de desarrollo se concluye que es probable que el origen de las neuronas, de la centralización y de la cefalización del SN hayan sido eventos únicos, aunque se admite que aún falta mucho para estudiar en este campo y no es posible aseverar nada en forma definitiva.
Palabras clave: Evolución morfológica, relaciones entre vertebrados e invertebrados, sistema nervioso.
Abstract
The general structure of the nervous system (SN) of complex invertebrates is described, as well as its particular conformation in some basal phyla. Their general conformation is studied, comparing them when possible, and in some cases the anatomy and histology of specific organs is addressed. These are of utmost importance to trace the evolution of the SN either within each phylum or be tween them. The anatomy and histology of the SN of invertebrates is very uneven among them. There are diffuse neural networks, ganglionic or central nervous systems. Among the latter there is generally a fore and dorsal brain, attached to one or more massive ventral nerve cords. Histologically, they have neuronal bodies on the periphery of nerve masses. Despite the differences between them and with vertebrates, and through the analysis of these structures and development patterns it is concluded that it is likely that the origin of neurons, centralization and cephalization of the SN have been unique events although it is admitted that there is still a long way to go to study in this field and it is not possible to affirm anything definitively.
Keywords: Invertebrates and vertebrates relationships, morphological evolution, nervous system.
* Autor para correspondencia: sergio.pablo.urquiza@unc.edu.ar
Citas
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