Transferência nuclear de células somáticas na clonagem reprodutiva de ruminantes domésticos e selvagens: Uma revisão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2026.54Palavras-chave:
Clonagem; Ruminantes; Modificação epigenética; Transferência nuclear; Células doadoras.Resumo
A transferência nuclear de células somáticas (TNCS) na clonagem reprodutiva representa uma biotecnologia promissora tanto para ruminantes domésticos quanto para ruminantes selvagens. Ela oferece oportunidades para a preservação da biodiversidade, reprogramação nuclear para gerar células pluripotentes induzidas e pesquisa sobre o desenvolvimento embrionário. No entanto, apesar do seu potencial, diversos aspectos da clonagem, especialmente em mamíferos selvagens, ainda são incertos. Um dos principais desafios é obter células doadoras citoplasmáticas capazes de reprogramar células somáticas para um estado totipotente por meio do TNCS. Embora a clonagem tenha sido bem-sucedida em várias espécies de mamíferos, a maioria dos embriões clonados não se desenvolve até o termo, resultando em baixa eficiência geral da clonagem. Vários fatores influenciam o sucesso da clonagem, sendo a reprogramação epigenética aberrante uma das principais causas de falhas no desenvolvimento embrionário e anomalias na progênie. Por isso, os pesquisadores têm buscado aprimorar cada etapa do procedimento de TNCS e corrigir a reprogramação epigenética anormal modulando a metilação do DNA, modificações de histonas e regulando a expressão gênica relacionada ao embrião. Esta revisão explora os avanços e desafios associados ao TNCS em espécies de ruminantes, abrangendo animais domésticos e selvagens. Examina diferentes etapas da técnica, incluindo obstáculos técnicos iniciais, como a seleção de células doadoras, anomalias placentárias e problemas de saúde. Por meio de uma análise abrangente, esta revisão busca fornecer uma visão do estado atual do TNCS em ruminantes domésticos e selvagens, identificando caminhos para futuras pesquisas e melhorias.
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