Agoindustrial Science is a four-monthly scientific journal, where professionals from the agroindustrial sciences disseminate their research work, in Spanish, English or Portuguese, thus contributing to the advancement of science in biotechnology, pest management, agricultural systems, postharvest, agro-industrial processes, food industry, biofuels, containers and packaging, as well as agro-industrial management (quality, safety, environment, agribusiness, etc.). It is currently indexed in: DOAJ, EBSCO, REDIB, DIALNET, MIAR, LATINDEX, BASE and Sherpa Romeo.
Los autores conservan sus derechos de autor sin restricciones.
Nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds from undervalued herbs: A narrative review with a bibliometric approach
This study reviews the nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds derived from underutilized herbs and natural products, combining a narrative and bibliometric approach. Nanoencapsulation protects these sensitive compounds from environmental factors, improving their stability, bioavailability, and controlled release. Different nanomaterials, such as liposomes and lipid-based nanocarriers, enable their incorporation into functional foods without affecting sensory properties. The bibliometric analysis identified current trends in formulation, characterization, natural and plant-based compounds, as well as advanced analytical techniques. Native herbs and traditional plants emerge as important sources of bioactive, although they present technical challenges such as low solubility and stability. Nanoencapsulation has become an innovative strategy to increase the stability, bioavailability, and functionality of bioactive compounds, supporting their incorporation into food matrices aimed at the development of functional and sustainable products. Although available evidence highlights its high technological potential, its implementation at an industrial level still requires progress in production methods, cost optimization, and process validation at pilot and commercial scales.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lizeth Jacobo-Cruz, Jhon Chilon-Neyra, Gabriela Barraza-Jaureguí https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparative analysis of natural and forced convection: Fundamentals, advantages, and applications in thermal and agro-industrial systems
This study presents a detailed technical and bibliometric analysis of natural and forced convection heat transfer processes. It addresses their fundamental physical principles, mathematical formulations, variables that condition their performance and relevant applications in the thermal and agroindustrial sectors. The research was based on the examination of 169 scientific publications disseminated between 2010 and 2024, using specialized tools such as VOSViewer and Bibliometrix to explore trends, thematic axes and existing gaps in literature. Natural convection, recognized for its energy efficiency and structural simplicity, has shown effectiveness in passive systems such as solar drying or cooling without moving parts. On the other hand, forced convection, requiring mechanical intervention, allows more precise control of thermal conditions, being fundamental in processes such as battery cooling, pasteurization, sterilization and the operation of thermal photovoltaic panels. Bibliometric findings reflect a steady increase in studies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), use of nanofluids and geometrical improvements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luigui Calderon, Sofian Huacacolqui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Relationship between proximate chemical composition and thermal diffusivity of a commercial pelagic and demersal species
Thermal diffusivity is a key property for the design and optimization of thermal processes in the fish processing industry, as it is closely related to the chemical composition of the raw material. This study aimed to determine the thermal diffusivity of a pelagic species (Scomber japonicus peruanus) and a demersal species (Merluccius gayi peruanus), and to analyze its relationship with their proximate composition. Thermal diffusivity was estimated from heat penetration curves using the reduced driving force method, while proximate composition was determined following AOAC official procedures. The demersal species (merluza) showed higher moisture content (≈82.1%) and lower lipid levels (≈0.4%), which were associated with higher thermal diffusivity (3.96 × 10⁻⁴ m²/h). In contrast, the pelagic species (caballa) exhibited lower moisture (≈70.5%) and higher lipid content (≈5.3%), resulting in lower thermal diffusivity (3.28 × 10⁻⁴ m²/h). The results demonstrate that moisture positively influences thermal diffusivity, while lipids have a negative effect. This information is relevant for improving the design, control, and energy efficiency of thermal processes in the fish processing industry.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fredy Crispin-Sanchez, Fabiola Olivares-Ponce, Raúl Porturas-Olaechea, Tatiana Vergara Miranda, Rodrigo Gamarra Navarrete, Dalia Gallardo Ramirez, Oscar Amado Crisóstomo Gordillo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Prevalence and spatial distribution of Fusarium wilt of banana in the Peruvian Amazon
Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is a primary threat to Musa spp. Despite its impact, the intensity and potential drivers of the disease in the Peruvian Amazon remain poorly understood. This study assessed FWB prevalence, spatial distribution, and associated biophysical and management variables at the mesoscale. A census of 189 plots (213,005 mats) was conducted across six regions using visual inspection. Overall prevalence was 28.04%, with the highest value in Junín (55.56%). FWB was significantly associated with Isla (Iholena, AAB) and Seda (Gros Michel, AAA) cultivars. Spatial analysis revealed hierarchical aggregation with localized foci (radius = 13.8 km) and broader farm clustering at intermediate scales. Disease was more frequent in areas with higher altitudes (> 762.5 m a.s.l.) and annual precipitation (> 1481 mm). Higher flood risk zones, linked to pronounced rainfall seasonality, were identified as critical for pathogen movement via watercourses. FWB was identified as the main phytosanitary issue in affected areas, where the lack of intervention on symptomatic plants strongly correlated with disease presence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dustin Marín-Gil, Julio Marín-Horna, Miguel Dita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Antagonistic and growth-enhancing effect of native Trichoderma spp. on ‘Gros Michel’ banana under Foc R1 infection
Banana production in Ecuador has been severely impacted by Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). This persistent soilborne pathogen remains viable for decades and reduces the effectiveness of conventional control strategies. Trichoderma spp. has emerged as a promising biological alternative due to its antagonistic capacity and plant-associated effects. This study evaluated the efficacy of native Trichoderma strains as biological control agents against Foc Race 1 (R1) in Musa AAA cv. Gros Michel. Dual culture assays and greenhouse experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design, with data analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). In vitro, T. lixii, T. asperellum, and T. harzianum inhibited up to 58% of Foc radial growth. Under greenhouse conditions, Trichoderma application significantly reduced vascular wilt severity (p < 0.05) and was associated with increased pseudostem diameter and root biomass. T. afroharzianum and T. lixii lowered disease incidence to levels comparable to those of the healthy control. These findings support the potential use of native Trichoderma isolates in sustainable management strategies for Fusarium wilt in banana.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pedro Terrero Yepez, Rafaela Mayorga Morejon, Paola Rodulfo Acuña, Arianna Mendoza Intriago, Karina Solis Hidalgo, Nicole Factos Laiño https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Vertical Farming: innovation in pursuit of sustainable urban agriculture
Food production is a fundamental pillar of global food systems, and vertical farming (VF) has emerged as a promising strategy to address food security challenges in urban areas. This review synthesizes evidence on VF through a systematic analysis of scientific and technical literature retrieved from Google Scholar and ScienceDirect, following the PRISMA 2020 Flow Diagram methodology. The conceptual structure of the field was examined using a term co-occurrence network analysis with VOSviewer (2025). The selected studies were classified according to the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability, with emphasis on water use efficiency and energy consumption, technical and economic feasibility, and food security, respectively. The findings indicate that VF is receiving increasing global attention due to its potential to enhance urban resilience and its growing acceptance among producers and consumers. However, VF remains an emerging technology, and further research is required to improve its feasibility, particularly through reducing environmental impacts, optimizing energy efficiency, and strengthening economic performance. Strategic investments in renewable energy, smart agriculture, and water-efficient technologies will be essential to ensure the long-term sustainability and scalability of VF in urban food systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Stephanie Quirós-Campos, Gustavo Quesada-Roldán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Efficacy and cost of capture of traps for the control of black weevil of the coconut palm (Rhynchophorus palmarum L.)
The black palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum L. is the main sanitary problem faced by coconut producers in the state of Colima, Mexico and, its intensive capture with the use of traps is the most effective strategy for its control. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and cost of capturing of Crosstrap, Picusan and bucket traps in a coconut palm plantation var. Brazilian Green Dwarf located in Tecomán, Colima, Mexico. The Crosstrap and Picusan traps showed the highest capture efficacy, while the Crosstrap and bucket traps showed the lowest (USD $ 0.73) and highest (USD $ 1.16) capture cost per insect, respectively. It is concluded that the Crosstrap was the most effective and had the lowest capture cost.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jesús Germán De La Mora-Castañeda, Jimena Candelaria Flores-López, Wilberth Chan-Cupul, Rafael Julio Macedo-Barragán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Integrating breeding, feeding and keeping systems in the Lowland Livestock-Crop Agriculture Developing Centre; perspectives from West Papua
The integration of breeding, keeping, and feeding practices is essential for improving livestock productivity and sustainability, particularly in lowland agricultural systems. This study investigates the integration of these practices in the Lowlands Agriculture Development Centre of Manokwari, West Papua. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering, key factors influencing livestock performance were identified, including grazing systems, reproductive strategies, feeding types, and shelter management. The principle finding shown majority of livestock are of local breeds, followed by crossbred and wild types. This suggests a dominance of indigenous stock over improved or exotic breeds. The number of offspring/parents, births/parent/year, mating system, management system, feed type, and feeding frequency are significant factors influencing livestock outcomes. Wild livestock, natural mating, and artificial insemination significantly impact livestock performance. This result highlights the dominance of traditional practices such as natural mating and the use of local feeding resources, alongside significant variations in sheltering and grazing systems. Livestock relies mainly on agricultural or plantation products, while commercial feed and household waste are minimally used. Two distinct clusters of livestock management were revealed, indicating varying levels of efficiency and sustainability among farmers. This research emphasizes the importance of adopting integrated approaches to optimize livestock management, enhance productivity, and support sustainable agricultural development in tropical lowlands. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners in the region.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deny Anjelus Iyai, Meky Sagrim, Stepanus Pakage, Yubelince Y. Runtuboi, Andoyo Supriyantono, Bernaddetha Wahyu Irianti Rahayu, Makarius Bajari, Hieronymus Y. Chrisostomus, Trisiwi Wahyu Widayati, Diana Sawen, Siti Aisah Bauw, Daniel Yohanes Seseray, Johan F. Koibur, Hans Mamboai, Frandz Rumbiak Pawere https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Efficacy of peracetic acid in postharvest disease control and quality preservation of banana (Musa spp.)
Banana (Musa spp.) can lose more than 20% postharvest due to fungal rots, creating a need for packing-friendly disinfection options. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA) to reduce crown-rot severity and its effect on ripening in bananas from Piura, Peru. Fruit was immersed for 10 min in 0 (control), 40, 80, 120, and 150 ppm PAA; for each concentration, 32 fruits were processed (8 from each of four sampling zones). Samples were incubated in humid chambers (22 °C; 85% – 90% RH) and disease severity was scored on an ordinal scale (1–5). Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). Severity differed among treatments (χ² = 75.42, df = 4, p < 0.001): 80, 120 and 150 ppm significantly reduced severity versus 0 and 40 ppm, with no difference between 120 and 150 ppm. No phytotoxicity symptoms were observed during storage, and 150 ppm showed the greatest ripening delay (greener fruit by the end of the evaluation period). Fusarium oxysporum, Thielaviopsis musarum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae were isolated from controls. Overall, 120 – 150 ppm (especially 150 ppm) appears as operational doses to reduce postharvest rots and extend shelf life without compromising fruit appearance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sebastian Iglesias-Osores, Cesar Figueroa-Palomino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Fungistatic and fungicidal activity of bioactive compounds on the in vitro growth of Moniliophthora roreri
Frosty pod rot, caused by Moniliophthora roreri, is one of the main constraints on cacao production in Latin America. Control strategies based on cultural practices and synthetic fungicides can be costly and pose environmental and health risks. This study evaluated in vitro the antifungal activity of the bioactive compounds (BCs) benzoic acid (BA), gallic acid (GA), catechin (CAT), quercetin (QUE), and β-carotene (BCA), as well as a mixture (MIX) of these compounds. Three concentrations (500, 1000, and 2000 mg L⁻¹) were tested on the mycelial growth of M. roreri. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that BA was the most effective compound, exhibiting a fungicidal effect at concentrations ≥1000 mg L⁻¹ and an IC₅₀ < 500 mg L⁻¹. BCA and GA showed dose-dependent fungistatic effects. CAT exhibited a hormetic response, whereas the MIX showed no synergistic effects. BA and BCA stand out as promising candidates for the development of biofungicides against M. roreri.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dario De la Cruz-Ricardez, Luz del Carmen Lagunes-Espinoza, Carlos Fredy Ortiz García, Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández, Edith Hernández-Nataren https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Management and diagnostic of productive efficiency in a biorefinery of oils obtained by supercritical fluid extraction from grape and lucuma seeds
This This paper presents a comprehensive diagnosis of an industrial biorefinery dedicated to obtaining oils from grape and lucuma seeds, using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCD) as a green solvent. The analysis was carried out using a simulation model in SuperPro Designer, which allowed three essential aspects to be examined: operational performance, mass efficiency, and the environmental impact of the process. The results showed an overall efficiency of 1.73%, affected by limitations in the drying (TDR-102) and shelling (SR-101) stages, which reduce production capacity to 12.7% of the theoretical potential. The water footprint was 103 kg of water per kilogram of oil, and the waste index reached 0.03 kg/kg of raw material, indicating the need to improve resource management. The model allowed for the proposal of optimization measures focused on process intensification, raw material standardization, and dynamic control with artificial intelligence support. Overall, the results show that process simulation combined with sustainability indicators can guide the development of biorefineries under a circular economy approach.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fredy Vicente Huayta Socantaype, Luis Enrique Napan Tacca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Determination of the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Dry Cacao Beans (Nacional and CCN-51) in Collection Centers in Bolívar Canton
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of dried cocoa beans from the Nacional and CCN-51 varieties in collection centers in the Bolívar canton, Manabí. A total of 120 samples were collected using an analytical-descriptive approach and an exploratory research design. The methodology included instrumental techniques such as precision balance, pH meter, and moisture meter, and statistical tests such as Shapiro-Wilk, Levene’s test, ANOVA, and Student’s t-test were applied. Among the most relevant results, significant differences were identified in variables such as testa and cotyledon pH, as well as seed index and cotyledon weight between the two varieties. The PPSEP2024 collection center showed high moisture levels, which could affect bean quality. In conclusion, it was evident that both genetic variety and post-harvest handling directly influence cocoa quality. These results provide key information to improve collection processes and strengthen the competitiveness of Ecuadorian cocoa in specialized markets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Carlos Enrique Veliz Anzules, Anthonny Josué Moran Chalen, Diana Carolina Cedeño Alcivar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Yield of the cacao crop (Theobroma cacao L.) according to its highest land use capacity
This study evaluated the yield of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) crops according to major land-use capacity classes in the province of El Dorado, department of San Martín, Peru, in order to identify suitable soil units for sustainable production. To this end, 80 plots of the CCN-51 variety grouped according to major land-use capacity classes (A3s, C3se, F3se, and P3se) were analyzed using a non-probabilistic design and the application of the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test together with a Generalized Linear Model. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between soil types. Classes A3s (582.5 ± 112.71 kg ha⁻¹) and C3se (613 ± 96.90 kg ha⁻¹) recorded the highest yields, associated with favorable soil conditions such as gentle slopes, loamy texture, adequate aeration, and efficient drainage. In contrast, units P3se (399 ± 100.10 kg ha⁻¹) and F3se (366 ± 116.77 kg ha⁻¹) presented lower yields, due to steep slopes, low fertility, and poor drainage. In conclusion, higher soil use capacity significantly influences cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) productivity, with lands suitable for clean (A3s) and permanent (C3se) crops being the most suitable for their establishment. Directing crop expansion towards these units will improve production efficiency and strengthen environmental sustainability in the Peruvian Amazon.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dalma Castro-Davila, Jhon Patrick Rios Bartra, Ricardo Víctor Felipe Arias Salcedo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Current perspectives on the non-destructive characterization of sweeteners
The growing concern for food quality, authenticity, and safety has driven the development of reliable analytical methods for the detection and quantification of both natural and synthetic sweeteners. In this context, spectroscopic techniques have gained prominence due to their speed, sensitivity, and non-destructive nature, positioning them as key tools for food product analysis. This review examines current scientific trends in sweetener analysis through a bibliometric approach, describes the theoretical foundations and evolution of technologies such as FTIR, NIR, UV-Vis, and Raman spectroscopy, and explores their specific applications in the identification and quantification of these compounds. Additionally, the review discusses the implications of these methodologies for quality control systems and food safety, highlighting their strategic role in prevention of fraud, consumer protection, and the improvement of traceability and transparency in processed food products.
Copyright (c) 2026 Renzo Laiza-Calderón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Oca (Oxalis tuberosa): Nutritive and functional properties. Oxalate content and its influence on humans
Oxalis tuberosa, commonly called oca, has been cultivated for many years in the Andes and currently boasts a wide variety of cultivars. Recent studies on this tuber have demonstrated that it provides significant health benefits due to its nutritional and functional properties. Oca contains minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, and iron; vitamin A; B vitamins (B1, B2, B3); and vitamin C. It also contains active phenolic compounds, notably flavonoids such as flavan-3-ol. Additionally, it contains individual bioactive substances, including cyanidin, malvidin, delphinidin, kaempferol, and quercetin. This article provides an overview of its nutritional and functional components, summarizes the role of its main metabolites in the prevention of chronic diseases in humans, and analyzes its soluble oxalate content, highlighting its negative impact on human health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elizabeth Dionicio-Varas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Functional and technological applications of whey proteins in the food industry
Whey is a dairy industry by-product with high nutritional value, mainly due to its protein fraction, composed of β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, among others. These proteins have functional properties such as solubility, emulsification, gelation and foaming capacity, which allows them to be used in a wide variety of food applications. In the food industry, whey proteins are used in functional beverages, dairy products, baking, meat products and nutritional supplements, improving the texture, stability and nutritional profile of the products. In addition, various studies have highlighted its health benefits, including its role in maintaining muscle mass, modulating the immune system and satiety. However, there are still challenges in its use, such as optimizing extraction methods, consumer perception and the sustainability of its use on a large scale. This review article discusses the protein components of whey, their functional properties and their application in the food industry, highlighting recent innovations and future prospects in this field.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jesús David Sandoval Delgado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparison of the technical and economic effects of drying rice with recirculation dryers versus traditional methods
Rice drying is a crucial stage in agricultural production, directly affecting grain quality and producer profitability. Traditional methods, such as static towers and drying pools, despite being initially low-cost, present significant challenges due to their dependence on weather conditions, which compromises rice efficiency and quality. The objective of this study is to compare the technical and economic effects of traditional rice drying methods versus recirculating dryers, evaluating their advantages and disadvantages in terms of efficiency, final product quality, and economic sustainability. The research is based on a documentary review and field studies in various rice-producing regions, where the performance of traditional methods versus recirculating dryers is analyzed, considering both technical and economic aspects. Recirculating dryers represent a more efficient and sustainable solution for rice drying, improving grain quality and reducing operating costs. However, the high initial investment and lack of technical training represent barriers for small and medium-sized producers. It is concluded that public policies that provide subsidies, accessible financing, and training are essential to facilitate the adoption of these technologies and contribute to a more competitive and sustainable agriculture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Mohseni Mohammad Hossein, Elsa Beatriz Fonseca Santanilla https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Mesquite pod flour (Prosopis laevigata): Physicochemical composition, amino acid profile, water and oil absorption capacity, hemagglutinins, phenols, and flavonoids
Legumes have been an essential part of the human diet for centuries and are a rich source of protein. However, their nutritional content can vary according to species and varieties. This study aimed to taxonomically identify and physicochemically characterize mesquite (Prosopis laevigata) pod flour. Proximate composition (fat: 5.25%. crude fiber: 4.52%. ash: 6.06%. carbohydrates: 71.01%) was analyzed using AOAC methods, while technological properties compacted density (65.0 ± 0.03 g/mL), water absorption capacity (3.5 ± 0.05 mL water/g sample) and oil absorption capacity (3.0 ± 0.07 mL oil/g sample) compared to wheat flour in proximate composition. Non-nutritive factors were quantified using specific assays: trypsin inhibitors (2.1 ± 0.3 TIU/mg), total phenols (1.8 ± 0.2 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (0.9 ± 0.1 mg QE/g). Saponins (0.1%) and hemagglutinins (0.01 HU/mg) were absent. The amino acid profile analyzed by HPLC revealed higher essential amino acid content than wheat flour, particularly lysine (6.2 and 2.8 g/100 g protein). These results demonstrate that mesquite flour shares key technological properties with wheat flour, such as comparable water absorption capacity (3.5 vs 3.2 mL/g) and compacted density (65 vs 68 g/mL). Mesquite pod flour is a viable partial substitute in bakery products, enhancing nutritional value while maintaining functional performance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Victoria Guadalupe Aguilar-Raymundo, Rossana Altamirano Fortoul https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Application of Mucuna pruriens pellets, organominerals and Trichoderma harzianum agents in coffee seed beds (Coffea arabica)
The excessive use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture has degraded soil quality, reduced fertility and caused environmental problems such as nutrient leaching. In response, regenerative practices are being explored to restore soil health and promote sustainable farming. This study evaluated the effects of nutrient-rich pellets made from Mucuna pruriens L., coffee husk-derived organominerals, monoammonium phosphate (MAP), and the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum Rifai on coffee seedlings (Coffea arabica). Conducted in a greenhouse in Tarrazu, Costa Rica, the experiment used eight treatments with twenty replicates each. The most effective formulation, 60% M. pruriens, 20% organominerals, and 20% MAP, applied at 100 – 150 g per plant, significantly improved seedling growth, nutrient uptake, microbial respiration, and plant survival. This mix also showed favorable chemical properties, including high nitrogen and phosphorus levels, near-neutral pH, and a low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, enhancing nutrient availability. The addition of T. harzianum contributed to effective root disease control and was compatible with organic matter. Overall, the study highlights these pellets as a sustainable, multifunctional solution for plant nutrition and disease management in coffee nurseries, with potential applications in other crops. Further research is needed to evaluate their economic viability and potential for commercial use.
Copyright (c) 2026 Omar Porras Chacón, Jimmy Porras Barrantes, Roberto Naranjo Zuñiga, Andres Zuñiga Orozco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Antifungal activity of essential oils against Fusarium oxysporum associated with avocado (Persea americana Mill.)
This study evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oils from Cinnamomum verum, Tagetes lucida and Syzygium aromaticum against Fusarium oxysporum isolated from avocado (Persea americana Mill.). The oils were tested at concentrations of 1.0%, 0.5%, 0.1%, 0.05% and 0.01% using the agar diffusion method, with four replicates per treatment. Mycelial growth was measured daily for seven days, and the inhibition percentage and area under the growth curve were calculated. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed among treatments, with C. verum being the most effective, achieving over 70% inhibition at 1.0% concentration. T. lucida and S. aromaticum showed moderate antifungal effects, with mycelial growth reductions up to 60%. Phytotoxicity assays on P. americana calli revealed no visible damage, except for slight yellowing with C. verum at 1.0%. These findings highlight the potential of essential oils as sustainable biotechnological alternatives for the management of F. oxysporum in avocado cultivation
Copyright (c) 2026 Edgar López López, Evelyn Alessandra Vázquez Ballesteros, Ana Pamela Fuerte Aguilar, Blanca Estela Gómez Luna, Reyna Nallely Sánchez González, Manuel Alejandro Cano Domínguez, Anareli Quintero Jiménez https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Management Information system for hemoparasitosis detection in canines through machine learning techniques
This study presents the development and implementation of a web-based and mobile Management Information System (MIS) for the early detection and diagnosis of hemoparasitosis in canines, using machine learning algorithms. The system was deployed at Animal Place, a veterinary clinic in Guayaquil, in response to the increasing number of clinical cases associated with hemoparasitic infections. The platform integrates multiple clinical management modules, including a dedicated diagnostic module powered by a decision tree classification algorithm (J48), which achieved an accuracy of 96.4% based on a training set of 746 symptomatological records. The mobile application complements the web system by allowing users to monitor their pets’ clinical data and interact with an integrated chatbot assistant developed with DialogFlow. For system development, the Extreme Programming (XP) methodology was employed to ensure iterative progress, client feedback, and continuous testing. In parallel, the Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) methodology was used to structure and preprocess clinical data, enabling the identification of key variables relevant to hemoparasitosis and training of the predictive model. Usability testing was conducted with 10 participants, including veterinary staff and administrative personnel. Results showed high levels of satisfaction (mean score = 4.5 on a 5-point scale), particularly regarding system functionality, ease of use, and interface clarity. These findings highlight the system's relevance, practicality, and user acceptance in a clinical setting. In conclusion, the proposed MIS successfully automates critical veterinary processes such as client registration, clinical history management, and disease detection, while significantly enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of early hemoparasitosis diagnosis in dogs. This research points out the transformative effects of machine learning and intelligent digital tools in veterinary practice and provides a scalable model for similar applications in animal health.
Copyright (c) 2026 Wilson Molina-Oleas, Maritza Aguirre-Munizaga, Anthony Tatez-Luzardo, Erwin Marin-Fajardo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Morphological and cultural characterization and distribution of fungi associated with cocoa beans
Ecuadorian cocoa is a pillar of the national economy, although its quality can be compromised by the presence of mycotoxin-producing fungi during fermentation and storage. The main objective of this study was to identify the fungal strains present in fermented cocoa beans using morphological markers in four collection centers in the Bolívar canton. One hundred and fifty beans per center were collected in the last phase of fermentation, which were seeded in DG18 medium and incubated at 25°C. The developed colonies were evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic observations, supported by taxonomic keys. Sixty-four fungal strains with wide variability in texture, coloration, and exudate were isolated and characterized. Microscopic analysis identified two predominant genera: Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp., with Aspergillus being the most abundant in all collection centers. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in fungal load between centers (p < 0.05), reflecting the influence of fermentation and storage practices on microbial diversity. Ultimately, the identification of these genera highlights the need to implement rigorous controls in post-harvest management, given that species of the Aspergillus Nigri section can produce ochratoxin A, compromising the safety of cocoa.
Copyright (c) 2026 Bryan Delgado-Ruiz, Rachel Carranza-Chávez, Diana Cedeño-Alcívar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Risk analysis and phytosanitary measures to prevent the introduction of the quarantine pest Huanglongbing (HLB) of citrus into Ecuador
Citrus Huanglongbing (HLB) is considered the most devastating disease of citrus plants because of the damage it causes, its difficulty in diagnosis, and its speed of dissemination, mainly due to the international trade in plant propagation material and its vectors Diaphorina cilri and Trioza erylreae. Nowadays, there is no effective treatment for HLB, so early detection is necessary to mitigate its spread to eradicate infected trees. In 2016, Colombia confirmed the presence of HLB in its territory, so there is a need to prepare this research to determine the risk level and the options for adequate phytosanitary measures to exclude the introduction of the HLB to Ecuador; the study with documentary bibliographic methodology uses an adaptation to "Work Guide for the preparation of Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) studies per Pest" established by "Agrocality" under Resolution 0002 of January 03, 2020, which comprises three stages supported by scientific-technical information that allowed to identify a high-risk level of introduction of HLB to Ecuador and the options of phytosanitary measures to avoid the introduction and dispersion of HLB; among these are the prohibition of importing citrus propagating material from countries with HLB, production of certified plants, strengthening border control s, to control the vector.
Copyright (c) 2026 Raúl Siche, Clever Castillo, Giovana Parra, Iván García https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Artificial Intelligence applied to the logistical efficiency and export of the agro-industry: Systematic review and bibliometric analysis
This study analyzes how Artificial Intelligence is transforming logistics efficiency and exports in the agribusiness sector. Through a systematic review of scientific literature (2020–2025) and a bibliometric analysis using Scopus data, technologies such as Machine Learning, Deep Learning, IoT, and blockchain are identified, which are improving traceability, demand prediction, and sustainability in the agri-food chain. The results show that countries such as China, India, and the United States lead scientific production in this field, while regions such as South America face limitations due to a lack of technological infrastructure. Artificial Intelligence applications range from real-time monitoring and quality control to crop prediction and loss reduction. The study concludes that Artificial Intelligence strengthens the competitiveness of the agribusiness sector in international markets. Developing countries are encouraged to invest in digital infrastructure, promote local research, and train personnel to close technological gaps.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nayelly Alvarado-Varas, Karla Zavaleta-Guzmán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Site index estimation as a tool for the productive management of Dipteryx ferrea and Simarouba amara
Accurate estimation of site quality is essential for forest planning, as it enables growth projection, prioritization of suitable areas, and optimization of management decisions. For native tropical species, the availability of site index models is still limited, which constrains the development of sustainable plantations. This study estimated the site index (SI) for Dipteryx ferrea and Simarouba amara using the Schumacher and Chapman–Richards models. A total of 48 D. ferrea trees (1 – 13 years) and 113 S. amara trees (1 – 12 years) from experimental plantations were analyzed. The Chapman–Richards model provided a better fit for D. ferrea (R² = 0.948; RMSE = 1.007), while the Schumacher model performed best for S. amara (R² = 0.949; RMSE = 1.626). Anamorphic SI curves with a base age of 10 years were developed to estimate SI and classify productive sites. Results indicate notable early growth in D. ferrea despite its high wood density, highlighting the need for further research. This study represents the first formal SI estimation for D. ferrea and provides a useful tool for the sustainable management of tropical forest plantations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ymber Flores Bendezú https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Productive performance of crossbred ewe lambs fed quinoa chaff treated with urea
Ecuadorian sheep production takes place on pastures with low protein percentages and high fiber levels, which results in low weight gains. The study evaluated 16 crossbred female lambs with an initial weight of 28.06 kg. The study aimed to evaluate the potential of quinoa chaff in terms of intake, in vitro digestibility, and energy contribution in proportions of 0, 100, 200, and 300 grams of chaff and its productive performance in crossbred ewe lambs at 120 days. A completely randomized design was used, with four treatments and four replicates. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) in Infostat (2020), followed by Tukey's test with significant F values (p < 0.01). The diets resulted in weight gains between 3.74 and 10.49 kg. According to the experimental conditions, the use of quinoa chaff in rations. However, all diets were variable and viable in feeding female lambs, providing differences in feed conversion between 3.13 and 6.52 depending on the diet formulation. The quinoa chaff content (300 g) improves nutrient intake without affecting consumption habits.
Copyright (c) 2026 Iván Analuisa-Aroca, Ruth Solorzano, Tania Solorzano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Bioremediation of water contaminated with heavy metals using chicken feathers in the ite wetlands, Tacna, Perú
The objectives of this study were: 1) to determine the effect of the treatment (broiler chicken feathers) at different proportions on copper removal, 2) to determine the effect of the treatment (broiler chicken feathers) at different proportions on iron removal, and 3) to estimate the degree of association between the removal of metal ions (copper and iron). Convenience sampling was performed at 5 points, with 3 replicates and 3 treatments (control, 4 g/L, and 8 g/L). Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Spearman's rho correlation. The treatment with a dose of 4 grams of feathers/liter showed the greatest copper removal at 69.4%. Similarly, the same treatment also showed the greatest iron removal at 93.1%. The degree of association between the removal of copper and iron metal ions using broiler chicken feathers is not statistically significant. Chicken feathers are a natural adsorbent that has proven effective in remediating water contaminated with heavy metals. Keratin-based biomaterials have enormous potential in the bioremediation of water contaminated with heavy metals.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gilma Lizbeth Chambe Caceres, Dante Ulises Morales Cabrera https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Quantification of carbon stock in aboveground biomass of Suchiche Park, Tarapoto, Peru
This study quantified the carbon stock in the aboveground biomass of Suchiche Park (Tarapoto, Peru), a 0.265 ha urban green space. Using systematic sampling across 8 circular plots (100 m² each), 88 trees (DBH ≥ 10 cm) from 10 species were evaluated through non-destructive methods and validated allometric equations for tropical forests. Results revealed Elaeis guineensis (African Oil Palm) as the most efficient species, storing 10.76 Mg C (65.19% of the total) despite comprising only 26% of individuals. Its superiority was attributed to large size (mean DBH: 51.71 cm; height: 13.35 m) and high wood density, capturing 0.47 Mg C/tree (17× more than the second-most efficient species). The native Tarapotus Palm, while the most abundant (25 individuals), showed lower individual capture (0.15 Mg C/tree), contributing 22.2% of total carbon. Species like Ficus benjamina (17 individuals) had low efficiency (0.03 Mg C/tree) due to frequent pruning and reduced height (4.51 m). Significant correlations were found between dasometric variables and carbon: DBH vs. carbon (r = 0.93) and height vs. carbon (r = 0.88), confirming that each additional cm of DBH increases ~0.02 Mg C/tree. The park stores 16.51 Mg C (equivalent to 60.57 Mg CO₂), with a density of 62.2 Mg C/ha, surpassing urban areas like Northern Lima but still below primary Amazonian forests.
Copyright (c) 2026 Joselyn Caballero Solier, Jina Chávez Vásquez, Ceila Lao https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Circular economy and technological sustainability: A case study of the milpa system in Mexico
Currently, agricultural production systems face global problems such as adaptation to climate change and habitat loss. The intensive agriculture approach, product of linear economy, has generated traditional systems to be left aside. Despite this, the milpa system is still essential for food safety and the basis of local economy; throughout its history strategies and innovations have been incorporated to optimize available resources, where traditional knowledge has been the basis of resiliency of this system; however, knowledge continues to be incorporated, although at a slower rate. For this reason, systematic review has been carried out of the main strategies that are used by actors and institutions related to the milpa system in Mexico, with the aim of presenting a harmonic vision under the framework of contributions of sustainability and the circular economy , the results allow conceptualization of the milpa system as an adaptable entity potential for improvement and not static, as well as agroecological space where the adequate management of bioproducts and waste converge.
Copyright (c) 2026 Oscar Ricardo Pérez-Durán, Noé Aguilar-Rivera, Luis Alberto Olvera-Vargas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Spatial distribution of Trichogramma spp. in crops of the Lambayeque Region, Peru
This study investigates the spatial distribution of *Trichogramma* spp. in the Lambayeque region of Peru, assessing its potential as a biological control agent against lepidopteran pests in agroecosystems.** Data were collected between January and June 2024 in key districts such as Lambayeque, Ferreñafe, and Chiclayo, using sentinel traps baited with Sitotroga cerealella eggs. The results reveal high parasitism efficacy (>75%) in areas such as Lambayeque, Motupe, and Salas, while locations like Cayaltí and Chilcal recorded no parasitic activity. The observed distribution suggests the influence of factors such as egg density and microclimatic conditions. However, the analysis was limited by a small sample size (14 valid records), which affected the statistical power for comparing host species and locations. Kruskal-Wallis tests found no significant differences (p > 0.05), and regression models explained only 59.7% of the variance, constrained by the lack of environmental data such as temperature and crop type. The Kriging geospatial tool was used to map distribution, revealing heterogeneous patterns that provide a crucial foundation for future research. The study concludes that Trichogramma spp. has potential for pest control in specific areas of Lambayeque but recommends expanding sampling efforts, including climatic variables, and conducting molecular identification of species. Future research should explore integrated approaches with entomopathogenic fungi to optimize targeted release strategies and promote sustainable agriculture in the region.
Copyright (c) 2026 Eleazar Manuel Rufasto-Campos, José Wilson Gómez-Cumpa, Jorge Luis Saavedra-Díaz, Delvis Sánchez Díaz, Angel Larry Acuña Tullume https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0