Agoindustrial Science is a four-monthly scientific journal, where professionals from the agroindustrial sciences disseminate their research work, in Spanish, English or Portuguese, thus contributing to the advancement of science in biotechnology, pest management, agricultural systems, postharvest, agro-industrial processes, food industry, biofuels, containers and packaging, as well as agro-industrial management (quality, safety, environment, agribusiness, etc.). It is currently indexed in: DOAJ, EBSCO, REDIB, DIALNET, MIAR, LATINDEX, BASE and Sherpa Romeo.
Los autores conservan sus derechos de autor sin restricciones.
Forecasting Brazilian aquaculture production using multivariate analysis and time-series models
This study analyzed Brazilian aquaculture production between 2013 and 2023, focusing on tilapia, tambaqui, and shrimp, using official data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and PAM clustering identified three regional production profiles: the South, associated with tilapia farming; the Northeast, specialized in shrimp; and a third group (North, Central-West, and Southeast) with diversified production. Results highlight the strong growth of tilapia, consolidating its dominance in Brazilian aquaculture. Predictive models, including Linear Regression, ARIMA, and Random Forest, were evaluated using Mean Absolute Error (MAE). ARIMA showed the best performance, capturing temporal patterns and projecting continued tilapia growth until 2030, with stability for other species. Limitations include the use of aggregated annual data, which may not capture recent sectoral changes. The findings support planning and policy development in aquaculture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Murilo Henriqe Tank Fortunato, Karoline Moreira Barbuio, Juliana Antunes Galvão, Wagner Dos Anjos Carvalho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
In vitro propagation of purple-fleshed pitahaya (Selenicereus costaricensis) genotypes from seeds and areoles
Purple-fleshed pitahaya is an exotic crop with growing agro-industrial potential, but its conventional propagation is limited by genetic variability, restricted availability of plant material, and slow crop growth. The objective of this research, conducted in two phases at the laboratory level, was to develop an alternative in vitro propagation method for purple-fleshed pitahaya genotypes from seeds and areoles to promote its cultivation in the province of Manabí. In the multiplication phase, two completely randomized trials with a factorial arrangement of auxin and cytokinin doses were performed in Murashige & Skoog culture medium. In the explant rooting phase, in the two completely randomized trials, auxin and cytokinin doses, as well as two levels of activated charcoal, were tested. The combination of 0 mg/L of auxin (IAA) and 2 mg/L of cytokinin (BAP) proved to be the optimal multiplication dose for both seeds and areoles. It was also determined that a mixture containing 0.50 mg/L of auxins (NAA) and 0.50 mg/L of cytokinins (BAP) promotes a better response in terms of the number and length of shoots. In the rooting of explants derived from seeds and areoles, the best response was achieved with 0.20 g/L of activated charcoal, 0.50 mg/L of auxins, and 0.50 mg/L of cytokinins, with significant effects on the number and length of roots, as well as on fresh weight, resulting in plantlets with high nutraceutical value.
Copyright (c) 2026 Elvis Loor-Marcillo, Andreina Armijos-Gaspar, Luis Duicela-Guambi, Veris Saldarriaga-Lucas https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Inhibitory effect of valeryl chloride-acylated blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) anthocyanins on lipid oxidation in UHT milk
Food oxidation is a prevalent issue that deteriorates nutritional and organoleptic values, potentially compromising consumer health. A specific concern is the oxidation of fatty acids in UHT cow’s milk. This research evaluates the fatty acid oxidation inhibition capacity of acylated and non-acylated anthocyanin extracts derived from blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum). The anthocyanins were obtained through alcoholic extraction and subsequently acylated using valeryl chloride. The extracts were characterized via FTIR-ATR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and antioxidant capacity using the DPPH assay. Additionally, the acylation reaction mechanism was determined through computational modeling in Gaussian. Results showed a higher degree of inhibition in the acylated anthocyanin extract. This was further confirmed through organoleptic testing of UHT milk samples and the evaluation of the fatty acid profile via GC-FID.
Copyright (c) 2026 Angie Carbajal Rivera, Olivio Nino Castro Mandujano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Integrating metal removal efficiency and bioclimatic adaptation in the selection of macrophytes for acid mine drainage treatment
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is one of the main environmental liabilities associated with mining activity due to its high acidity and elevated concentrations of metals and metalloids. In this context, phytoremediation using macrophytes represents a sustainable alternative for the passive treatment of these effluents. This review article comparatively evaluated eighteen macrophyte species considering their metal removal efficiency, pH tolerance, and bioclimatic adaptation. The results identified Vetiveria zizanioides as the species with the highest tolerance to acidic conditions, supporting pH values as low as 2.7 and increasing the effluent toward near-neutral conditions. In contrast, Juncus effusus, Typha orientalis, and Phragmites australis achieved removal efficiencies close to 99% for Fe, Mn, and As, as well as efficiencies above 90% for Zn, Cd, and Al. Copper removal showed the lowest efficiencies due to its high mobility and ionic competition under acidic conditions. Furthermore, the bioclimatic analysis revealed that variables such as biotemperature, precipitation, and water availability directly influence the stability and performance of macrophytes in treatment systems. It is concluded that the selection of macrophytes for AMD treatment should integrate geochemical, physiological, and bioclimatic criteria in order to optimize the efficiency and sustainability of constructed wetlands.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marí Cárdenas-Gaudry, Johana Pumaylle, Ronald Unocc https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
IoT sensors and dendrometer monitoring reveal differential irrigation requirements during arabica coffee phenological phases
A remote irrigation management system using Internet of Things (IoT) sensors was evaluated in arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) under drip irrigation in the Cerrado Mineiro region of Brazil. The study compared the GBI (Growth-Based Irrigation™) system, which integrates dendrometer and soil moisture sensors readings with meteorological data, to conventional climatic-based management. The experiment was conducted from August 2017 to May 2018 in a randomized complete block design with two treatments and twelve replicates. Evaluations were made during three phenological phases (flowering, small green, and graining) between September 2017 and May 2018. Biometric parameters, leaf water potential, grain yield, and maturation were assessed. No statistically significant differences were found between treatments in any evaluated variable (Tukey, p≤0.05). However, dendrometer readings showed greater and more continuous stem diameter expansion in the GBI system, and the sensor-based approach substantially reduced field labor requirements while enabling real-time automated irrigation control.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jefferson Vasconcelos Oliveira De Lima, André Luís Teixeira Fernandes, Eusímio Felisbino Fraga Júnior, Pedro Otávio Honorato Da Cruz, João Pedro Honorato Da Cruz, Márcio José De Santana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Dynamic yield modeling of Hass avocado under technified irrigation in Peru: effects of age, altitude, and planting density
This study estimated a dynamic production function for Hass avocado (Persea americana Mill.) in Peru using a log-linear econometric model, with the objective of characterizing yield as a function of crop age and incorporating the effects of altitude and planting density under technified irrigation conditions. A total of 34 observations from commercial production systems were used, modeling yield per plant through a cubic polynomial in age and logarithmic transformations of altitude and planting density. The model showed a satisfactory fit (R² = 0.76), appropriate econometric diagnostics, and good predictive performance. The results revealed a sigmoidal yield trajectory with phases of establishment, accelerated growth, and maturity with physiological decline. The biological maximum yield occurred between 15.2 and 15.9 years, whereas the technical optimum was reached between 13.8 and 14.7 years. Planting density reduced individual yield due to intraspecific competition, while altitude increased the production level without modifying the functional form of the curve. It is concluded that crop age determines the temporal trajectory of yield, whereas altitude and planting density modulate the production level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Martin Palomino-C, Yiem Ataucusi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparison of reference evapotranspiration estimated by Penman-Monteith and a Class A pan across the 2016 and 2017 dry seasons in Yopal, Casanare, Colombia
Reliable estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is essential for irrigation scheduling in the Colombian Orinoquia, where incomplete agrometeorological records often limit the routine application of data-demanding methods. This study compared ETo estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith method and by a Class A evaporation pan in Yopal, Casanare, during the 2016 and 2017 dry seasons, testing whether the pan could reproduce Penman-Monteith ETo without significant bias. A total of 52 paired observations were analyzed, with 26 records for each year. Penman-Monteith ETo was calculated from Davis WeatherLink meteorological data following FAO-56 procedures, while pan-based ETo was obtained from measured evaporation using a fixed pan coefficient (Kp) of 0.70. Across both years, mean ETo was 4.24 mm d⁻¹ for Penman-Monteith and 5.40 mm d⁻¹ for the Class A pan, with a significant pooled bias of 1.17 mm d⁻¹ (p < 0.001). Agreement was moderate overall, but strongly dependent on year. The pan performed well in 2017, yet substantially overestimated ETo in 2016. These results indicate that a fixed Kp of 0.70 is not temporally stable, and that local calibration and validation across seasons are necessary before the Class A pan can be used as a substitute for Penman-Monteith in Yopal.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gustavo Castro-García https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pesticides in the control of Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) and their impact on the productivity of broccoli, Brassica oleracea L. var. italica
The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) is a relevant pest of broccoli, Brassica oleracea L. var. italica, due to damage caused by sap sucking and virus transmission, which can lead to yield losses. The effect of pesticide treatments on B. brassicae and the yield of two broccoli genotypes (Steel variety and Avenger hybrid) was evaluated under field conditions. The treatments evaluated were: T1. Imidacloprid + Lambdacyhalothrin (IL); T2. Lambdacyhalothrin + Allium sativum extract + Capsicum sp. extract (L+AE+CE); T3. A. sativum extract + Capsicum sp. extract + Argemone mexicana alkaloid extract (AE+CE+AE); and T4. Untreated control. A Randomized Complete Block Design with a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement was used for analysis. The IL recorded the lowest aphid populations (6.7 individuals∙plant-1) and the highest yield (20.4 t∙ha-¹), without significant differences from L+AE+CE (18.7 t∙ha-¹). The Avenger hybrid showed greater susceptibility to B. brassicae. The greatest marginal utility was obtained when IL was applied ($2626 ha-¹) followed by L+AE+CE ($2115 ha-¹). The results showed the economic feasibility of chemical pest control. However, the environmental effect of organosynthetic insecticide suggests that the combination of this with plant extracts (L+AE+CE) would represent an economically feasible alternative within sustainable pest management in broccoli.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luis Chanaluisa, Dorys T. Chirinos, Tannya Llanos, Rossana Castro https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Multifunctional effects of Trichoderma spp. and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on phytopathogen suppression and induction of plant defense responses
Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is one of the most important agricultural crops worldwide, and sustainable disease management is essential for maintaining productivity and environmental safety. This study evaluated the potential of a biological product composed of Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma asperellum, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as a biocontrol agent, plant growth promoter, and inducer of defense responses in soybean. Experiments were conducted under laboratory, greenhouse, and field conditions, including in vitro antagonism assays against major soybean phytopathogens, seed physiological quality tests, plant growth analyses, assessment of biochemical defense responses, and evaluation of powdery mildew severity. Data were subjected to analysis of variance or non-parametric tests when appropriate. The biological agents exhibited high antagonistic activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, Diaporthe longicolla, and Fusarium tucumaniae, with distinct mechanisms of action among the microorganisms. Seed physiological quality and plant growth parameters were not significantly affected by the treatments. Biochemical analyses revealed increased chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase activities at specific evaluation periods. Under greenhouse conditions, the biological treatments reduced the powdery mildew progress rate, although complete disease suppression was not achieved. The biological product demonstrated consistent potential for antagonism against phytopathogens and induction of defense-related enzymes in soybean.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudia Regina Barbieri, Maira Cristina Schuster-Russiano, Sérgio Miguel Mazaro, Lilian de Souza Vismara, Samara Bau Morgan, Camila Natacha Salvadori https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Valorization of whey in mozzarella cheese production: effect of acidification method and milk fat content
This study evaluates the physicochemical, functional, and sensory characteristics of mozzarella cheese obtained from milk standardized with whey at different fat contents (2.0%, 2.5%, and 3.0%), using two acidification methods: direct acidification with organic acids (acetic acid (AA) and citric acid (CA)) and acidification with two starter cultures (Streptococcus thermophilus/Lactobacillus helveticus (St/Lh) and Streptococcus thermophilus/Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (St/Lb)). The effects of fat content and acidification method were evaluated for pH, meltability, and browning index during storage (days 1, 14, and 28), while yield and texture were evaluated on day 0 (immediately after production). Fat content, acidification method, or their interaction significantly influenced mozzarella cheese properties during storage, with the magnitude depending on the parameter. Yield increased with increasing fat content, regardless of the acidification method used. Two treatments were selected for sensory and physicochemical characterization: CA-2.5 and St/Lh-2.5. St/Lh-2.5 exhibited the highest overall acceptability, as well as higher fat and protein contents and lower moisture. These results show that the use of whey in milk standardization enables the production of mozzarella cheese of acceptable quality while contributing to whey valorization.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudia Galarreta-Morales, Ariana F. Angulo-Nuñez del Arco, Paola Huarca-Saénz, Rosa Deza-Cueva, Diego Mendoza-Huertas, Fanny Ludeña-Urquizo, Pedro P. Ugarte-Espinoza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Proximal composition and nutritional differentiation of commercially important hydrobiological species from Peru using multivariate analysis
Hydrobiological resources represent an important source of high biological value proteins and essential fatty acids; however, the nutritional variability among commercial Peruvian species has been scarcely studied in a comparative manner. The aim of this study was to evaluate and differentiate the proximate chemical composition of eight hydrobiological species from Peru using univariate and multivariate analyses. Samples of hake (Merluccius merluccius), jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas), shrimp (Penaeus vannamei), scallop (Argopecten purpuratus), mackerel (Scomber scombrus), trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus), and bonito (Sarda chiliensis chiliensis) were analyzed to determine moisture, protein, lipids, and ash content following AOAC methods. Data were evaluated using ANOVA (p<0.05), principal component analysis (PCA), and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Moisture was the predominant component (69.85–81.15%), while protein ranged from 15.83% to 22.14%. Lipids showed the highest variability (0.54–6.12%), allowing classification into lean and fatty groups. PCA indicated that lipids explained 86% of the total variability, and LDA confirmed their role as the main discriminator. It is concluded that lipid content is the primary axis of nutritional differentiation among species.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fredy Crispin-Sanchez, Fabiola Olivares-Ponce, Raúl Porturas-Olaechea, Tatiana Vergara Miranda, Rodrigo Gamarra Navarrete, Dalia Gallardo Ramirez, Oscar Amado Crisóstomo Gordillo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Evaluation of substrates and enzymatic pretreatment to optimize Pleurotus ostreatus production
Several agricultural substrates, including barley straw, corn cobs, corn stalks and leaves, weeds, and recycled paper, were evaluated to determine their potential for Pleurotus ostreatus production by analyzing their physicochemical composition and efficiency in fungal growth. Corn cobs, with 35% cellulose and only 4% lignin, achieved the highest biological efficiency at 85% and enabled harvesting in 19 days, outperforming other substrates in productivity and speed. Barley straw, with a higher lignin content (7%), showed limitations, achieving a biological efficiency of 65% and extending the time to harvest to 26 days. The analyses indicated that protein content in fruiting bodies varied depending on the substrate, reaching 26% in corn cobs compared to 21% in barley straw, suggesting that the initial composition of the substrate influences the mushroom’s nutritional value. The potential of certain agricultural residues as efficient and sustainable substrates for P. ostreatus cultivation is demonstrated by their contribution to a viable alternative for waste valorization and circular economy in agriculture.
Copyright (c) 2026 Claudia Alondra López-López, Laura Sofía Castillo-Ortega, Manuel Alejandro Cano-Domínguez, Edgar Pascual Bustos-Vargas, Edgar López-López https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Soil and topographic variability of organic coffee in Chirinos, Cajamarca: spatial analysis using GIS
A geographic information system was implemented to analyze the spatial variability of soil in organic coffee plantations in Chirinos, Cajamarca, Peru, using data from 130 georeferenced plots belonging to small-scale producers. Physicochemical analyses of the soil were integrated with topographic variables derived from the terrain, with an emphasis on organic matter, bulk density, pH, exchangeable acidity, and exchangeable aluminum. The methodology combined descriptive statistics, adjustment of functional relationships between critical variables, comparison of interpolation methods, and geostatistical interpolation using ordinary kriging. The results revealed marked edaphic and topographic heterogeneity, incompatible with uniform management across plots. An inverse relationship was observed between organic matter and bulk density (R² = 0.4775), as well as a stronger association between slope and exchangeable aluminum (R² = 0.7055). The resulting maps allowed for the identification of areas with a higher risk of acidity and others with better soil physical condition, demonstrating the value of spatial analysis for supporting differentiated management decisions in organic hillside coffee plantations. The study provides a reproducible methodology for on-farm soil analysis in Andean coffee systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Delvis Sánchez-Díaz, Henry Jesús Carrillo-Leonardo, Eleazar Manuel Rufasto-Campos, José Wilson Gómez-Cumpa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Dynamic sorption isotherms and thermodynamic analysis of quinoa grains
The sorption isotherms of two varieties of quinoa grains (Chenopodium quinoa) were determined using the DVS and DDI methods at three temperatures (20, 30, and 40 °C) in a water activity range of 0,1–0,9. The DDI isotherms were used to determine the critical water activity by applying the Savistky-Golay second derivative. Seven mathematical models were used to fit the experimental sorption data. Isosteric heat of sorption, entropy of sorption, Gibbs free energy, and enthalpy-entropy compensation were evaluated. The results indicated that the equilibrium moisture content of quinoa grains (PK and BJ) tends to increase with water activity and decreasing temperature. The isotherms of quinoa grains (PK and BJ) presented a type II sigmoidal shape. The Chung-Pfost and Smith models were the best fit to the experimental data. The critical water activity region for quinoa grains was 0,75~0,85. The isothermal heat of sorption and sorption entropy decreased with increasing moisture content. Likewise, the increase in moisture content and temperature influenced the decrease in Gibbs free energy values. The enthalpy-entropy compensation was corroborated (Tβ ≠ Thm), the processes were carried out by enthalpy (Tβ > Thm) and are spontaneous (∆G > 0).
Copyright (c) 2026 Brislyn Osmayo Huacan, Ciro Suca-Colana, Jhony Mayta-Hancco https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Role of Bacillus licheniformis in promoting growth and early development of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. Cherry) seedlings
The cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. Cherry) has become a high-value horticultural crop due to its organoleptic properties, nutritional contribution, and adaptability to diverse production systems. However, during the initial stages of development, it faces multiple biotic and abiotic challenges that negatively affect its yield. In this study, the effect of the microbial inoculant Bacillus licheniformis as a plant growth promoter (PGPR) on cherry tomato seedlings was evaluated. For this purpose, a controlled trial was conducted, applying a selected strain of B. licheniformis to the substrate and seeds, while key agronomic variables were measured, such as germination percentage, seedling height, root length, number of true leaves, and aerial and root biomass. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatments with and without inoculation, highlighting a 94% increase in germination, enhanced root development, and greater biomass accumulation in treated seedlings. These effects are attributed to the production of phytohormones, nutrient solubilization, and potential synthesis of bioactive metabolites by the strain used. In conclusion, B. licheniformis demonstrates high potential as a biostimulant in the early stages of cherry tomato cultivation, representing a viable biotechnological alternative to promote more efficient and sustainable plant development.
Copyright (c) 2026 Angel Virgilio Cedeño Moreira, Gregorio Humberto Vásconez Montufar, Milton Fernando Cabezas Guerrero, Ronald Oswaldo Villamar-Torres https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Oxidation of soybean oil during the frying of fresh and dried Ipomoea batatas
Frying is a widely used method in the food industry; however, continuous exposure of oils to high temperatures promotes oxidative degradation. This study evaluated the effect of fresh and dehydrated sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), in purple and yellow varieties, on the oxidative stability of soybean oil during frying. Forty liters of Glycine max oil were used in tests with and without frying, using 500 g of sweet potato per cycle. Samples were taken every six hours over eight days, and acidity and oxidability indexes were determined through titration with KMnO₄. Results showed that oil stored at ambient temperature maintained acceptable quality up to the third day, whereas oil subjected to frying with fresh sweet potato deteriorated faster due to its higher moisture content. This study provides technical evidence on the degradation kinetics of soybean oil, demonstrating that reducing the moisture content of the beans through dehydration is an effective strategy for mitigating hydrolysis and extending the shelf life of the frying medium, thereby ensuring food safety during high-temperature cooking processes.
Copyright (c) 2026 Rubén Jesús Aro Díaz, Edmundo Arturo Venegas Casanova, Maricarmen Jackelyn Jaico Cruz, Christopher Mark Tolentino Lavado https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds from undervalued herbs: A narrative review with a bibliometric approach
This study reviews the nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds derived from underutilized herbs and natural products, combining a narrative and bibliometric approach. Nanoencapsulation protects these sensitive compounds from environmental factors, improving their stability, bioavailability, and controlled release. Different nanomaterials, such as liposomes and lipid-based nanocarriers, enable their incorporation into functional foods without affecting sensory properties. The bibliometric analysis identified current trends in formulation, characterization, natural and plant-based compounds, as well as advanced analytical techniques. Native herbs and traditional plants emerge as important sources of bioactive, although they present technical challenges such as low solubility and stability. Nanoencapsulation has become an innovative strategy to increase the stability, bioavailability, and functionality of bioactive compounds, supporting their incorporation into food matrices aimed at the development of functional and sustainable products. Although available evidence highlights its high technological potential, its implementation at an industrial level still requires progress in production methods, cost optimization, and process validation at pilot and commercial scales.
Copyright (c) 2026 Lizeth Jacobo-Cruz, Jhon Chilon-Neyra, Gabriela Barraza-Jaureguí https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Comparative analysis of natural and forced convection: Fundamentals, advantages, and applications in thermal and agro-industrial systems
This study presents a detailed technical and bibliometric analysis of natural and forced convection heat transfer processes. It addresses their fundamental physical principles, mathematical formulations, variables that condition their performance and relevant applications in the thermal and agroindustrial sectors. The research was based on the examination of 169 scientific publications disseminated between 2010 and 2024, using specialized tools such as VOSViewer and Bibliometrix to explore trends, thematic axes and existing gaps in literature. Natural convection, recognized for its energy efficiency and structural simplicity, has shown effectiveness in passive systems such as solar drying or cooling without moving parts. On the other hand, forced convection, requiring mechanical intervention, allows more precise control of thermal conditions, being fundamental in processes such as battery cooling, pasteurization, sterilization and the operation of thermal photovoltaic panels. Bibliometric findings reflect a steady increase in studies on computational fluid dynamics (CFD), use of nanofluids and geometrical improvements.
Copyright (c) 2026 Luigui Calderon, Sofian Huacacolqui https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Relationship between proximate chemical composition and thermal diffusivity of a commercial pelagic and demersal species
Thermal diffusivity is a key property for the design and optimization of thermal processes in the fish processing industry, as it is closely related to the chemical composition of the raw material. This study aimed to determine the thermal diffusivity of a pelagic species (Scomber japonicus peruanus) and a demersal species (Merluccius gayi peruanus), and to analyze its relationship with their proximate composition. Thermal diffusivity was estimated from heat penetration curves using the reduced driving force method, while proximate composition was determined following AOAC official procedures. The demersal species (merluza) showed higher moisture content (≈82.1%) and lower lipid levels (≈0.4%), which were associated with higher thermal diffusivity (3.96 × 10⁻⁴ m²/h). In contrast, the pelagic species (caballa) exhibited lower moisture (≈70.5%) and higher lipid content (≈5.3%), resulting in lower thermal diffusivity (3.28 × 10⁻⁴ m²/h). The results demonstrate that moisture positively influences thermal diffusivity, while lipids have a negative effect. This information is relevant for improving the design, control, and energy efficiency of thermal processes in the fish processing industry.
Prevalence and spatial distribution of Fusarium wilt of banana in the Peruvian Amazon
Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is a primary threat to Musa spp. Despite its impact, the intensity and potential drivers of the disease in the Peruvian Amazon remain poorly understood. This study assessed FWB prevalence, spatial distribution, and associated biophysical and management variables at the mesoscale. A census of 189 plots (213,005 mats) was conducted across six regions using visual inspection. Overall prevalence was 28.04%, with the highest value in Junín (55.56%). FWB was significantly associated with Isla (Iholena, AAB) and Seda (Gros Michel, AAA) cultivars. Spatial analysis revealed hierarchical aggregation with localized foci (radius = 13.8 km) and broader farm clustering at intermediate scales. Disease was more frequent in areas with higher altitudes (> 762.5 m a.s.l.) and annual precipitation (> 1481 mm). Higher flood risk zones, linked to pronounced rainfall seasonality, were identified as critical for pathogen movement via watercourses. FWB was identified as the main phytosanitary issue in affected areas, where the lack of intervention on symptomatic plants strongly correlated with disease presence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dustin Marín-Gil, Julio Marín-Horna, Miguel Dita https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Antagonistic and growth-enhancing effect of native Trichoderma spp. on ‘Gros Michel’ banana under Foc R1 infection
Banana production in Ecuador has been severely impacted by Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc). This persistent soilborne pathogen remains viable for decades and reduces the effectiveness of conventional control strategies. Trichoderma spp. has emerged as a promising biological alternative due to its antagonistic capacity and plant-associated effects. This study evaluated the efficacy of native Trichoderma strains as biological control agents against Foc Race 1 (R1) in Musa AAA cv. Gros Michel. Dual culture assays and greenhouse experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design, with data analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). In vitro, T. lixii, T. asperellum, and T. harzianum inhibited up to 58% of Foc radial growth. Under greenhouse conditions, Trichoderma application significantly reduced vascular wilt severity (p < 0.05) and was associated with increased pseudostem diameter and root biomass. T. afroharzianum and T. lixii lowered disease incidence to levels comparable to those of the healthy control. These findings support the potential use of native Trichoderma isolates in sustainable management strategies for Fusarium wilt in banana.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pedro Terrero Yepez, Rafaela Mayorga Morejon, Paola Rodulfo Acuña, Arianna Mendoza Intriago, Karina Solis Hidalgo, Nicole Factos Laiño https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Vertical Farming: innovation in pursuit of sustainable urban agriculture
Food production is a fundamental pillar of global food systems, and vertical farming (VF) has emerged as a promising strategy to address food security challenges in urban areas. This review synthesizes evidence on VF through a systematic analysis of scientific and technical literature retrieved from Google Scholar and ScienceDirect, following the PRISMA 2020 Flow Diagram methodology. The conceptual structure of the field was examined using a term co-occurrence network analysis with VOSviewer (2025). The selected studies were classified according to the environmental, economic, and social dimensions of sustainability, with emphasis on water use efficiency and energy consumption, technical and economic feasibility, and food security, respectively. The findings indicate that VF is receiving increasing global attention due to its potential to enhance urban resilience and its growing acceptance among producers and consumers. However, VF remains an emerging technology, and further research is required to improve its feasibility, particularly through reducing environmental impacts, optimizing energy efficiency, and strengthening economic performance. Strategic investments in renewable energy, smart agriculture, and water-efficient technologies will be essential to ensure the long-term sustainability and scalability of VF in urban food systems.
Copyright (c) 2026 Stephanie Quirós-Campos, Gustavo Quesada-Roldán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Efficacy and cost of capture of traps for the control of black weevil of the coconut palm (Rhynchophorus palmarum L.)
The black palm weevil Rhynchophorus palmarum L. is the main sanitary problem faced by coconut producers in the state of Colima, Mexico and, its intensive capture with the use of traps is the most effective strategy for its control. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness and cost of capturing of Crosstrap, Picusan and bucket traps in a coconut palm plantation var. Brazilian Green Dwarf located in Tecomán, Colima, Mexico. The Crosstrap and Picusan traps showed the highest capture efficacy, while the Crosstrap and bucket traps showed the lowest (USD $ 0.73) and highest (USD $ 1.16) capture cost per insect, respectively. It is concluded that the Crosstrap was the most effective and had the lowest capture cost.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jesús Germán De La Mora-Castañeda, Jimena Candelaria Flores-López, Wilberth Chan-Cupul, Rafael Julio Macedo-Barragán https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Integrating breeding, feeding and keeping systems in the Lowland Livestock-Crop Agriculture Developing Centre; perspectives from West Papua
The integration of breeding, keeping, and feeding practices is essential for improving livestock productivity and sustainability, particularly in lowland agricultural systems. This study investigates the integration of these practices in the Lowlands Agriculture Development Centre of Manokwari, West Papua. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering, key factors influencing livestock performance were identified, including grazing systems, reproductive strategies, feeding types, and shelter management. The principle finding shown majority of livestock are of local breeds, followed by crossbred and wild types. This suggests a dominance of indigenous stock over improved or exotic breeds. The number of offspring/parents, births/parent/year, mating system, management system, feed type, and feeding frequency are significant factors influencing livestock outcomes. Wild livestock, natural mating, and artificial insemination significantly impact livestock performance. This result highlights the dominance of traditional practices such as natural mating and the use of local feeding resources, alongside significant variations in sheltering and grazing systems. Livestock relies mainly on agricultural or plantation products, while commercial feed and household waste are minimally used. Two distinct clusters of livestock management were revealed, indicating varying levels of efficiency and sustainability among farmers. This research emphasizes the importance of adopting integrated approaches to optimize livestock management, enhance productivity, and support sustainable agricultural development in tropical lowlands. The findings provide actionable insights for policymakers and practitioners in the region.
Copyright (c) 2026 Deny Anjelus Iyai, Meky Sagrim, Stepanus Pakage, Yubelince Y. Runtuboi, Andoyo Supriyantono, Bernaddetha Wahyu Irianti Rahayu, Makarius Bajari, Hieronymus Y. Chrisostomus, Trisiwi Wahyu Widayati, Diana Sawen, Siti Aisah Bauw, Daniel Yohanes Seseray, Johan F. Koibur, Hans Mamboai, Frandz Rumbiak Pawere https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Efficacy of peracetic acid in postharvest disease control and quality preservation of banana (Musa spp.)
Banana (Musa spp.) can lose more than 20% postharvest due to fungal rots, creating a need for packing-friendly disinfection options. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of peracetic acid (PAA) to reduce crown-rot severity and its effect on ripening in bananas from Piura, Peru. Fruit was immersed for 10 min in 0 (control), 40, 80, 120, and 150 ppm PAA; for each concentration, 32 fruits were processed (8 from each of four sampling zones). Samples were incubated in humid chambers (22 °C; 85% – 90% RH) and disease severity was scored on an ordinal scale (1–5). Data were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn’s multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). Severity differed among treatments (χ² = 75.42, df = 4, p < 0.001): 80, 120 and 150 ppm significantly reduced severity versus 0 and 40 ppm, with no difference between 120 and 150 ppm. No phytotoxicity symptoms were observed during storage, and 150 ppm showed the greatest ripening delay (greener fruit by the end of the evaluation period). Fusarium oxysporum, Thielaviopsis musarum and Lasiodiplodia theobromae were isolated from controls. Overall, 120 – 150 ppm (especially 150 ppm) appears as operational doses to reduce postharvest rots and extend shelf life without compromising fruit appearance.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sebastian Iglesias-Osores, Cesar Figueroa-Palomino https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Fungistatic and fungicidal activity of bioactive compounds on the in vitro growth of Moniliophthora roreri
Frosty pod rot, caused by Moniliophthora roreri, is one of the main constraints on cacao production in Latin America. Control strategies based on cultural practices and synthetic fungicides can be costly and pose environmental and health risks. This study evaluated in vitro the antifungal activity of the bioactive compounds (BCs) benzoic acid (BA), gallic acid (GA), catechin (CAT), quercetin (QUE), and β-carotene (BCA), as well as a mixture (MIX) of these compounds. Three concentrations (500, 1000, and 2000 mg L⁻¹) were tested on the mycelial growth of M. roreri. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that BA was the most effective compound, exhibiting a fungicidal effect at concentrations ≥1000 mg L⁻¹ and an IC₅₀ < 500 mg L⁻¹. BCA and GA showed dose-dependent fungistatic effects. CAT exhibited a hormetic response, whereas the MIX showed no synergistic effects. BA and BCA stand out as promising candidates for the development of biofungicides against M. roreri.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dario De la Cruz-Ricardez, Luz del Carmen Lagunes-Espinoza, Carlos Fredy Ortiz García, Ramón Marcos Soto-Hernández, Edith Hernández-Nataren https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Management and diagnostic of productive efficiency in a biorefinery of oils obtained by supercritical fluid extraction from grape and lucuma seeds
This This paper presents a comprehensive diagnosis of an industrial biorefinery dedicated to obtaining oils from grape and lucuma seeds, using supercritical carbon dioxide (SCD) as a green solvent. The analysis was carried out using a simulation model in SuperPro Designer, which allowed three essential aspects to be examined: operational performance, mass efficiency, and the environmental impact of the process. The results showed an overall efficiency of 1.73%, affected by limitations in the drying (TDR-102) and shelling (SR-101) stages, which reduce production capacity to 12.7% of the theoretical potential. The water footprint was 103 kg of water per kilogram of oil, and the waste index reached 0.03 kg/kg of raw material, indicating the need to improve resource management. The model allowed for the proposal of optimization measures focused on process intensification, raw material standardization, and dynamic control with artificial intelligence support. Overall, the results show that process simulation combined with sustainability indicators can guide the development of biorefineries under a circular economy approach.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fredy Vicente Huayta Socantaype, Luis Enrique Napan Tacca https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Determination of the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Dry Cacao Beans (Nacional and CCN-51) in Collection Centers in Bolívar Canton
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of dried cocoa beans from the Nacional and CCN-51 varieties in collection centers in the Bolívar canton, Manabí. A total of 120 samples were collected using an analytical-descriptive approach and an exploratory research design. The methodology included instrumental techniques such as precision balance, pH meter, and moisture meter, and statistical tests such as Shapiro-Wilk, Levene’s test, ANOVA, and Student’s t-test were applied. Among the most relevant results, significant differences were identified in variables such as testa and cotyledon pH, as well as seed index and cotyledon weight between the two varieties. The PPSEP2024 collection center showed high moisture levels, which could affect bean quality. In conclusion, it was evident that both genetic variety and post-harvest handling directly influence cocoa quality. These results provide key information to improve collection processes and strengthen the competitiveness of Ecuadorian cocoa in specialized markets.
Copyright (c) 2026 Carlos Enrique Veliz Anzules, Anthonny Josué Moran Chalen, Diana Carolina Cedeño Alcivar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Yield of the cacao crop (Theobroma cacao L.) according to its highest land use capacity
This study evaluated the yield of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) crops according to major land-use capacity classes in the province of El Dorado, department of San Martín, Peru, in order to identify suitable soil units for sustainable production. To this end, 80 plots of the CCN-51 variety grouped according to major land-use capacity classes (A3s, C3se, F3se, and P3se) were analyzed using a non-probabilistic design and the application of the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test together with a Generalized Linear Model. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) between soil types. Classes A3s (582.5 ± 112.71 kg ha⁻¹) and C3se (613 ± 96.90 kg ha⁻¹) recorded the highest yields, associated with favorable soil conditions such as gentle slopes, loamy texture, adequate aeration, and efficient drainage. In contrast, units P3se (399 ± 100.10 kg ha⁻¹) and F3se (366 ± 116.77 kg ha⁻¹) presented lower yields, due to steep slopes, low fertility, and poor drainage. In conclusion, higher soil use capacity significantly influences cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) productivity, with lands suitable for clean (A3s) and permanent (C3se) crops being the most suitable for their establishment. Directing crop expansion towards these units will improve production efficiency and strengthen environmental sustainability in the Peruvian Amazon.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dalma Castro-Davila, Jhon Patrick Rios Bartra, Ricardo Víctor Felipe Arias Salcedo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Current perspectives on the non-destructive characterization of sweeteners
The growing concern for food quality, authenticity, and safety has driven the development of reliable analytical methods for the detection and quantification of both natural and synthetic sweeteners. In this context, spectroscopic techniques have gained prominence due to their speed, sensitivity, and non-destructive nature, positioning them as key tools for food product analysis. This review examines current scientific trends in sweetener analysis through a bibliometric approach, describes the theoretical foundations and evolution of technologies such as FTIR, NIR, UV-Vis, and Raman spectroscopy, and explores their specific applications in the identification and quantification of these compounds. Additionally, the review discusses the implications of these methodologies for quality control systems and food safety, highlighting their strategic role in prevention of fraud, consumer protection, and the improvement of traceability and transparency in processed food products.
Copyright (c) 2026 Renzo Laiza-Calderón https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0