Revista Médica de Trujillo

Post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy breast cancer residual burden index

Carolina del Pilar Barrientos-Saavedra — 2026-01-21

Breast cancer is a public health problem worldwide and represented the highest incidence of malignant tumors in women in 2020. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in primary breast cancer reduces the stage of disease prior to conservation therapy of the breast and the evaluation of therapeutic adherence. The therapeutic response is determined with the histopathological study evaluating the pathological response measured with the residual cancer burden (RCB) index calculator. The objective of this literature review is to compile, analyze, and synthesize the current information regarding the Residual Cancer Burden (RCB) index. The electronic literature databases searched were: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed, articles from the last five years with observational, cohort, case-control designs, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis were selected. The search terms were breast cancer, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, residual cancer, pathological complete response. Triple-negative and HER2-negative subtypes are associated with a high RCB index and low survival. There is an association between the RCB index with the pathological response and disease-free survival, and allows deciding the treatment plan in routine practice.

Chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis in a patient with tuberculosis sequelae: case report.

Iván Ulises Quiroz-Mendoza — 2026-01-21

La aspergilosis pulmonar crónica cavitaria (APCC) es una infección fúngica causada por Aspergillus fumigatus que afecta principalmente a pacientes con daño estructural pulmonar previo, en especial como secuela de tuberculosis (TBC) pulmonar. Su presentación clínica puede simular una reactivación de la TBC, lo que representa un desafío diagnóstico relevante en regiones con alta prevalencia. Este reporte describe la presentación clínica, el abordaje diagnóstico y la evolución de un caso de APCC como complicación tardía de la TBC pulmonar, destacando su importancia en el diagnóstico diferencial con TBC activa y las limitaciones de las herramientas diagnósticas disponibles. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 68 años con antecedente de TBC pulmonar, quien desarrolló disnea progresiva y tos productiva persistente, lo que condicionó retrasos diagnósticos. El diagnóstico se estableció mediante hallazgos imagenológicos compatibles con cavitaciones pulmonares, apoyados por una prueba serológica positiva para galactomanano. El paciente rechazó el tratamiento con anfotericina B y la intervención quirúrgica; pese a ello, permanece con vida, aunque con deterioro respiratorio progresivo y dependencia permanente de oxigenoterapia domiciliaria. Este caso resalta la APCC como una complicación tardía subdiagnosticada de la TBC pulmonar en pacientes inmunocompetentes y subraya la importancia de la correlación clínica e imagenológica. Asimismo, evidencia la utilidad limitada del galactomanano en las formas crónicas y la necesidad de considerar la APCC ante síntomas respiratorios persistentes posteriores a la TBC.

Descent and spatial distribution of eleven strains of Aedes aegypti resistant to organophosphates and carbamates in Sullana, Peru, 2024

Archi Alejandro Ruiz-Polo — 2026-01-21

Objective: To determine the inheritance and spatial distribution of resistance to organophosphates and carbamates in eleven Aedes aegypti strains from Sullana, Peru, 2024. Materials and Methods: Under laboratory conditions, L4-stage larvae were reared to adulthood, representing an F0 generation for each strain. Subsequently, adults were allowed to reproduce to obtain F1 eggs. From each F0 strain, ten adult females were selected and distributed into eleven groups, yielding a total of 110 females. Likewise, from each F1 strain, sixty eggs were selected and distributed into eleven groups, for a total of 660 eggs. DNA was extracted from the legs of each group of females and from the eggs, and the AceR gene (acetylcholinesterase mutation, AChE) was detected using conventional PCR. Results: The AceR gene was identified in all strains, both in F0 females and F1 eggs, suggesting that this mutation represents a transmissible and/or heritable genetic trait. In addition, the spatial distribution of mutant mosquitoes included a cemetery, which may represent one of the foci contributing to the spread of Aedes aegypti carrying the AceR mutation. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the circulation and establishment of Aedes aegypti populations with a genotype resistant to organophosphate and carbamate insecticides, providing valuable entomological and genetic information for the development of phenotypic resistance assays and/or effective vector control strategies.

Efficacy of early intratympanic corticosteroid therapy with dexamethasone in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss refractory to oral corticosteroid therapy

Orlando Carlos Juárez-Moreno — 2026-01-21

Objetive: To determine the efficacy of early intratympanic corticosteroid therapy in improving hearing in patients with sudden idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss treated at the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo Hospital from 2010 to 2019. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted in patients with sensorineural hearing loss aged 18 to 59 years. A sample of 37 patients who received early corticosteroid therapy and 37 patients who received late corticosteroid therapy were included. Their medical records were reviewed, and chi-square, relative risk, and analysis of variance were applied. Results: The average increase in decibel level in patients who received early therapy was 5.9 dB (95% CI: 1.81-9.92) greater than in those who received late therapy, with p=0.005. Likewise, in those who received early therapy, the probability of hearing improvement increased by 60% (95% CI: 1-154%) compared to those who received late therapy. Conclusions: Early intratympanic corticosteroid therapy was more effective than late therapy, as patients were more likely to experience hearing improvement in both decibels and percentage frequency.

Proximal root grooves and periodontal attachment loss: a morphological study

Britto Ebert Falcón-Guerrero Falcón-Guerrero — 2026-01-21

Objective: The objective was to deepen the understanding of the morphology of the grooves present on the proximal surfaces of the roots of permanent anterior teeth, both maxillary and mandibular, and to evaluate the relationship between their presence or absence and periodontal attachment loss. Materials and methods: Proximal root grooves were analyzed in 150 extracted maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth. To assess periodontal attachment loss, root surfaces were stained with 0.1% toluidine blue. In addition, the relationship between the presence or absence of grooves and the degree of periodontal attachment loss was examined. Results: The prevalence of proximal root grooves was 86.67%. In maxillary teeth, the prevalence was 43.42%, while in mandibular teeth it reached 56.67%. Surfaces with grooves were found to have greater attachment loss compared to those without grooves. Conclusion: Proximal root grooves are identified as a relevant local etiological factor in periodontal attachment loss, highlighting the need to consider them in the diagnosis, prognosis, and planning of periodontal treatment.