SCIÉNDO INGENIUM

Study of Thermal Performance of Vaccum-Tube for Solar Water Heaters Adapted for Peruvian Coastal Scenario

2025-10-04T14:53:28+00:00

The present research aimed to theoretically determine the arrangements of evacuated tubes, considering both tilt angle and inter-tube spacing, that maximize the total annual energy collection for five Peruvian coastal cities. The parameters considered included tube dimensions, azimuthal orientation, tilt angle, and inter-tube spacing. To perform a parametric study of the total solar energy captured by a single evacuated tube, varying the tilt angle for each of the 365 days of the year, the spacing between tubes, and the geographic location of five coastal Peruvian cities, a mathematical model was implemented in Matlab/Octave. The results show that maximum solar energy collection is achieved with tilt angles between 0° and 15° and a relative spacing between tubes equal to twice the outer diameter. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the optimal operating tilt angles of evacuated tubes depend on the specific city in which they are installed. Unlike commercial systems, tubes arranged at a 15° tilt can capture greater amounts of energy without compromising their thermal conversion through the thermosiphon effect.

Plan for the minimization and valoration of hazardous waste generated in vehicle maintenance workshops

2025-10-11T17:30:58+00:00

This article presents a technical proposal to minimize and recover hazardous waste generated in a vehicle maintenance workshop focused on oil changes for buses and trucks. A descriptive methodology based on direct observation of the processes and documentary analysis was applied, identifying inadequate practices in the management of contaminated oils, filters, rags, and containers. Based on the diagnosis, actions such as source segregation, safe storage, and channeling to authorized managers were implemented. As a result, a 38,0% reduction in hazardous waste generation was achieved, highlighting a 30,0% reduction in used oils and a 23,0% reduction in contaminated filters. Likewise, 100,0% of the collected oils and 65,0% of the metal filters were recovered, representing an overall recovery of 62,0% of the total segregated waste. Overall, the proposal significantly contributed to improving environmental control, reducing operational risks, and strengthening regulatory compliance, positioning itself as a viable and sustainable alternative for hazardous waste management in maintenance workshops.

Analysis of Open-Ended Questions in Teacher Performance Evaluation Using Text Mining in R and Chat GPT

2025-11-07T14:46:08+00:00

This study presents a comparative analysis of Text Mining applications in R and the ChatGPT language model for processing open-ended responses in teaching performance evaluations at the National University (UNA) of Costa Rica. Simulated data based on historical student evaluations were used to ensure confidentiality. The analysis in R included techniques such as tokenization, term frequency analysis, word association, and sentiment analysis, while ChatGPT was employed for semantic interpretation, summary generation, and automatic categorization of strengths and areas for improvement. The results show that R provides statistical precision and the ability to explore textual patterns, whereas ChatGPT excels in interpretative flexibility and its potential to automate analytical report generation. The high correlation between both approaches in the detection of emotions and key topics demonstrates the complementarity of their outcomes. It is concluded that integrating text mining tools and language models can optimize qualitative analysis in educational contexts, promoting more objective, efficient, and evidence-based evaluation processes. This combined approach offers a replicable framework to strengthen academic management and foster continuous improvement in university teaching quality.